Book Chapter

The Court and Administration of Karkemish in the Late Bronze Age

  • Clelia Mora
  • Maria Elena Balza
  • Marco De Pietri

The purpose of this paper is to update the study and analysis of the administration of Karkemish during the final phase of the Hittite kingdom. The first introductory part outlines previous contributions and results. The second part presents the updated lists of princes and officials belonging to the court of Karkemish. The third part attempts to place princes and officials in chronological order (according to the different periods of reigns). Lastly, the fourth part provides an in-depth prosopographic analysis regarding some important or interesting officials.

  • Keywords:
  • Karkemish,
  • princes,
  • officials,
  • Late Bronze Age,
+ Show More

Clelia Mora

University of Pavia, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-3838-2078

Maria Elena Balza

University of Pavia, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0002-8280-3653

Marco De Pietri

University of Pavia, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-1330-2617

  1. Adamthwaite M.R. 2001, Late Hittite Emar. The Chronology, Synchronisms, and Socio-Political Aspects of a Late Bronze Age Fortress Town, Ancient Near Eastern Studies – Supplement Series 8, Louvain – Paris, Sterling – Peeters.
  2. Akdoğan R. 2010, Hethitische Texte in Transkription: Ankara Arkeoloji Müzesinde Bulunan Boğazköy Tabletleri II (ABoT 2), Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 32, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  3. Albright W.F. 1946, Cuneiform Material for Egyptian Prosopography 1500-1200 B.C., Journal of Near Eastern Studies 5/1: 7-25.
  4. Alp S. 1968, Zylinder- und Stempelsiegel aus Karahöyük bei Konya, Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları. 5 Seri, 26 Ankara, Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi.
  5. Aro S. 2013, Carchemish Before and After 1200 BC, in A. Mouton, I. Rutherford, I. Yakubovich (eds), Luwian Identities – Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the Aegean, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 64, Leiden – Boston, Brill: 233-276.
  6. Balza M.E. 2006, Ai vertici dell’amministrazione ittita in Siria: il LÚ.UGULA.KALAM.MA Mutri-Tešub, in C. Mora, P. Piacentini (eds), L’ufficio e il documento. I luoghi, i modi, gli strumenti dell’amministrazione in Egitto e nel Vicino Oriente, Quaderni di Acme 83, Milano, Cisalpino: 373-383.
  7. Balza M.E. 2007, Šaggar-abu: an official of Karkamiš at Emar?, Ugarit Forschungen 39: 19-36.
  8. Balza M.E. 2009, Sigilli e modalità di sigillatura a Emar nel Tardo Bronzo (XIV-XIII sec. a.C.), Studia mediterranea. Series Hethaea 21, Pavia, Italian University Press.
  9. Balza M.E. 2012, Between Anatolia and Syria: High Officials at Emar and Syro-Anatolian Cultural Contacts. The case of Marianni, scribe of Ini-Teššub, in P. Cotticelli-Kurras et al. (eds), Interferenze linguistiche e culturali in Anatolia tra II e I millennio a.C. Studi in onore di Onofrio Carruba in occasione del suo 80o compleanno, Studia Mediterranea 24, Pavia, Italian University Press: 27-41.
  10. Beal R.H. 1992, The Organisation of the Hittite Military, Texte der Hethiter 20, Heidelberg, Winter.
  11. Beckman G.M. 1992, Hittite Administration in Syria in the Light of the Texts from Ḫattuša, Ugarit and Emar, in M.W. Chavalas, J.L. Hayes (eds), New Horizons in the Study of Ancient Syria, Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 25, Malibu, Undena: 41-49.
  12. Beckman G.M. 1995, Hittite Provincial Administration in Anatolia and Syria. The View from Maşat and Emar, in O. Carruba, M. Giorgieri, C. Mora (eds), Atti del II Congresso Internazionale di Hittitologia. Pavia 28 giugno-2 Luglio 1993, Studia Mediterranea 9, Pavia, Gianni Iuculano Editore: 19-37.
  13. Beran Th. 1967, Die hethitische Glyptik von Boğazköy I. Die Siegel und Siegelabdrücke der vor- und althethitischen Perioden und die Siegel der hethitischen Grosskönige, Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 76 = Boğazköy-Ḫattuša 5, Berlin, Mann.
  14. Beyer D. 1982, Le sceau-cylindre de Shahurunuwa, roi de Karkémish, in M. Yon (ed.), La Syrie au Bronze Récent. Recueil publiée à l’occasion du cinquantenaire de la découverte d’Ougarit-Ras Shamra (Extraits de la XXVIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Paris, juillet 1980), Paris, Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations: 67-78.
  15. Bilgin T. 2018, Officials and Administration in the Hittite World, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records 21, Berlin – Boston, de Gruyter.
  16. Boehmer R.M., Güterbock H.G. 1987, Glyptik aus dem Stadtgebiet von Boğazköy. Grabungskampagnen 1931-1939, 1952-1978, Boğazköy-Ḫattuša 14, Berlin, Mann.
  17. Cancik-Kirschbaum E. 1996, Die Mittelassyrische Briefe aus Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad, Berlin, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
  18. Carruba O. 1990, The Name of the Scribe, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 42/1: 243-251.
  19. Cohen Y. 2009, The Scribes and Scholars of the City of Emar in the Late Bronze Age, Harvard Semitic Studies 59, Winona Lake (Indiana), Einsenbrauns.
  20. Cohen Y. 2012, Aḫi-malik: The Last Overseer of the Land in the City of Emar, in K. Abraham, J. Fleishman (eds), Looking at the Ancient Near East and the Bible through the same Eyes. Minha LeAhron. A Tribute to Aaron Skaist, Bethesda (Maryland), CDL Press: 13-23.
  21. Cohen Y., d’Alfonso L. 2008, The Duration of Emar Archives and the Relative and Absolute Chronology of the City, in L. d’Alfonso, Y. Cohen, D. Sürenhagen (eds), The City of Emar among the Late Bronze Age Empires. History, Landscape, Society. Proceedings of the Konstanz Emar Conference, 25-26.04.2006, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 349, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag: 3-25.
  22. Collins B.J. 2004, The Politics of Hittite Religious Iconography, in M. Hutter, S. Hutter-Braunsar (eds), Offizielle Religion, lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiosität. Akten des religionsgeschichtlichen Symposiums „Kleinasiens und angrenzende Gebiete vom Beginn des 2. bis zur Mitte des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.“ (Bonn, 20.-22. Februar 2003), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 318, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag: 83-115.
  23. d’Alfonso L. 2000, Syro-Hittite Administration at Emar: New Considerations on the Basis of a Prosopographic Study, Altorientalische Forschungen 27: 269-295.
  24. d’Alfonso L. 2001, Further Studies on the Ini-Tešub Sealing. Part II: A Prosopographic Approach, Altorientalische Forschungen 28: 267-275.
  25. d’Alfonso L. 2005, Le procedure giudiziarie ittite in Siria (XIII sec. a.C.), Studia Mediterranea 17, Pavia, Italian University Press.
  26. d’Alfonso L. 2007, The Treaty between Talmi-Teššub King of Karkemiš and Šuppiluliyama Great King of Ḫatti, in D. Groddek, M. Zorman (eds), Tabularia Hethaeorum – Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum 65. Geburtstag, Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 25, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz: 203-220.
  27. d’Alfonso L. 2011, Seeking a Political Space: Thoughts on the Formative Stage of Hittite Administration in Syria, Altorientalische Forschungen 38: 163-176.
  28. d’Alfonso L., Cohen Y. 2021, Mazi-Karḫuḫa, King of Karkemiš and Hittite Syria at the End of the 13th Century, Akkadica 142: 63-77.
  29. de Martino S. 1986, Il concetto di bellezza per gli Ittiti. Nota sul termine mišriwant- ‘splendido’, Altorientalische Forschungen 13: 212-218.
  30. de Martino S. 1999, La cosiddetta ‘cronaca di Ammuna’, in S. de Martino, F. Imparati (eds), Studi e testi 2, Eothen 10, Firenze, LoGisma: 69-82.
  31. de Martino S. 2011, Hurrian Personal Names in the Kingdom of Ḫatti, Eothen 18, Firenze, LoGisma.
  32. de Martino S. 2012, Ḫišni, Prince of Kargamiš, Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale 106/1: 103-108.
  33. de Martino S. 2014, Il ruolo politico di Karkemish in Siria durante il periodo imperiale ittita, in N. Marchetti (ed.), Karkemish. An Ancient Capital on the Euphrates, OrientLab 2, Bologna, AnteQuem, 86-92.
  34. De Pietri M. forth., Messengers and Envoys within Egypto-Hittite Relationships: An Insight on Textual and Archaeological Documentation, in C. Coppini, G. Cyrus, H. Golestaneh (eds), Proceedings of “Broadening Horizons 6”, 24th-28th June 2019, Freie Universität (Berlin). Volume 3, Oxford, Archaeopress.
  35. Di Filippo F. 2004, Notes on the Chronology of Emar Legal Tablets, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 46: 175-214.
  36. Dinçol A. 1992, A Hieroglyphic Seal Impression from Samsat, Belleten 56: 3-6.
  37. Faist B. 2002, Die Rechtsordnung in Syrien nach der hethitischen Eroberung: Wandel und Kontinuität, in A.-M. Wittke et al. (eds), Brückenland Anatolien? Ursachen, Extensität und Modi des Kulturaustausches zwischen Anatolien und seinen Nachbarn, Tübingen, Attempto: 129-146.
  38. Francia R. 2020, EGIR-an tarnummaš and Related Formulas in Hittite Colophons, in S. de Martino, E. Devecchi (eds), Anatolia Between the 13th and the 12th Century BCE, Eothen 23, Firenze, LoGisma: 129-154.
  39. Freu J. 2009, Le déclin et la chute du nouvel Empire Hittite, Paris, l’Harmattan.
  40. Giorgieri M. 2002, Birra, acqua ed olio: paralleli siriani e neo-assiri ad un giuramento ittita, in S. de Martino, F. Pecchioli Daddi (eds), Anatolia antica. Studi in memoria di Fiorella Imparati, Eothen 11/1, Firenze, LoGisma: 299-320.
  41. Groddek D. 2006, Hethitische Texte in Transkription: KUB 60, Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 20, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  42. Güterbock H.G. 1942, Siegel aus Boğazköy, II. Die Königssiegel von 1939 und die übrigen Hieroglyphensiegel, Archiv für Orientforschung – Beiheft 7, Berlin, Weidner.
  43. Hagenbuchner A. 1989, Die Korrespondenz der Hethiter, 2. Teil: Die Briefe mit Transkription, Übersetzung und Kommentar, Texte der Hethiter 16, Heidelberg, Winter.
  44. Hawkins J.D. 1978, The Luwian Word for Daughter, Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung 92: 112-116.
  45. Hawkins J.D. 2000, Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age, 3 Vols, Berlin ‒ New York, de Gruyter.
  46. Hawkins J.D. 2005, Commentaries on the Readings, in S. Herbordt, Die Prinzen- und Beamtensiegel der hethitischen Grossreichszeit auf Tonbullen aus dem Nişantepe-Archiv in Hattusa, Boğazköy-Ḫattuša 19, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern: 248-313.
  47. Hawkins J.D. 2009, Cilicia, the Amuq and Aleppo: New Light in a Dark Age, Near Eastern Archaeology 72/4: 164-173.
  48. Hawkins J.D. 2011, The inscriptions of the Aleppo temple, Anatolian Studies 61: 35-54.
  49. Hawkins J.D., Weeden M. 2016, Sketch History of Karkamish in the Earlier Iron Age, in T.J. Wilkinson et al. (eds), Carchemish in Context. The Land of Carchemish Project, 2006-2010, Themes from the ancient Near East. BANEA Publication series 4, Oxford – Philadelphia, Oxbow Books: 9-21
  50. Herbordt S. 1998, Sigilli di funzionari e dignitari hittiti. Le cretule dell'archivio di Nişantepe a Boğazköy/Hattuša, in M. Marazzi (ed.), Il geroglifico anatolico. Sviluppi della ricerca a venti anni dalla sua “ridecifrazione”. Atti del Colloquio e della Tavola rotonda, Napoli-Procida 1995, Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series minor 57, Napoli, Istituto universitario orientale: 173-193.
  51. Herbordt S. 2005, Die Prinzen- und Beamtensiegel der hethitischen Grossreichszeit auf Tonbullen aus dem Nişantepe-Archiv in Hattusa, Boğazköy-Ḫattuša 19, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern.
  52. Hoffmann I. 1984, Der Erlass Telipinus, Texte der Hethiter 11, Heidelberg, Winter.
  53. Hornung E., Krauss R., Warburton D.A. (eds) 2006, Ancient Egyptian Chronology, Handbuch der Orientalistik I/83, Leiden – Boston, Brill.
  54. Houwink ten Cate Ph.H.J. 2006, The Apparently Delayed Home Coming of Tutḫaliyaš IV to his Capital Ḫattuša, in Th.P.J. van den Hout (ed.), The Life and Times of Ḫattušili III and Tutḫaliya IV, Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden 103, Leiden, Nederlands instituut voor het Nabije Oosten: 107-115.
  55. Imparati F. 1974, Una concessione di terre da parte di Tudhaliya IV, Revue Hittite et Asianique 32.
  56. Imparati F. 1975, ‘Signori’ e ‘figli del re’, Orientalia NOVA SERIES 44: 89-95.
  57. Imparati F. 1988, Armaziti: attività di un funzionario nel tardo impero ittita, in F. Imparati (ed.), Studi di storia e filologia dedicati a Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Eothen 1, Firenze, ‎ELITE – Ediz. Librerie Italiane Estere: 79-94.
  58. Ishida K. 2017-2018, Seal Impressions on the Cuneiform Tablets from the Middle Euphrates Region in the Hirayama Collection, Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum 37: 13-86.
  59. Klengel H. 1963, Zum Brief eines Königs von Ḫanigalbat (IBoT I 34), Orientalia NOVA SERIES 32/3: 280-291.
  60. Klengel H. 1965, Geschichte Syriens im 2. Jahrtausend v.u.Z. Teil 1 – Nordsyrien, Berlin, Akademie Verlag.
  61. Klengel H. 1992, Syria 3000 to 300 B.C. A Handbook of Political History, Berlin, Akademie Verlag.
  62. Klengel H. 1999, Geschichte des hethitischen Reiches, Handbuch der Orientalistik 34, Leiden – Boston – Köln, Brill.
  63. Košak S. 1982, Hittite Inventory Texts (CTH 241-250), Texte der Hethiter 10, Heidelberg, Winter.
  64. Laroche E. 1960, Les hiéroglyphes hittites. 1 : L’écriture, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
  65. Lebrun Ch. 2014, Présence et pouvoir hittites à Ougarit. Le cas des DUMU.LUGAL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Institut Orientaliste de l’Université catholique de Louvain and Peeters Press Leuven.
  66. Lumsden S.P. 1990, Symbols of Power: Hittite Royal Iconography in Seals, California (Berkeley), University of California (Berkeley).
  67. Malbran-Labat F. 1995, L’épigraphie akkadienne. Rétrospective et perspectives”, in M. Yon et al. (eds), Le pays d’Ougarit autour de 1200 av. J.-C., Ras Shamra-Ougarit 11, Paris, Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations: 33-40.
  68. Marazzi M. 1990, Il geroglifico anatolico. Problemi di analisi e prospettive di ricerca. Con la collaborazione di N. Bolatti-Guzzo N. e un’appendice di C. Mora, Biblioteca di ricerche linguistiche e filologiche 24, Roma, Università La Sapienza. Dipartimento di studi glottoantropologici.
  69. Marazzi M. 1998, Il geroglifico anatolico: problemi e scelte, in M. Marazzi (ed.), Il geroglifico anatolico. Sviluppi della ricerca a venti anni dalla sua “ridecifrazione”. Atti del Colloquio e della Tavola rotonda, Napoli-Procida 1995, Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series minor 57, Napoli, Istituto universitario orientale: VI-XVI.
  70. Marchetti N. et al. 2019-2020, Recent archaeological discoveries at Karkemish. Anatomy and trajectories of a capital city on the middle Euphrates, News from the Lands of the Hittites 3-4: 251-400.
  71. Mascheroni L.M. 1983, A propos d’un groupe de colophons problématiques, Hethitica 5: 95-109.
  72. Mascheroni L.M. 1984, Scribi hurriti a Boğazköy: una verifica prosopografica, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 24: 151-173.
  73. McMahon G. 1991, The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities, Assyriological Studies 25, Chicago, Oriental Institute.
  74. Mora C. 1987, La glittica anatolica del II millennio a.C.: classificazione tipologica. 1. I sigilli a iscrizione geroglifica, Studia Mediterranea 6, Pavia, Gianni Iuculano Editore.
  75. Mora C. 1990, La glittica anatolica del II millennio a.C.: classificazione tipologica. I. I sigilli a iscrizione geroglifica. Primo supplemento, Studia Mediterranea 6, Pavia, Gianni Iuculano Editore.
  76. Mora C., 1993, Lo “status” del re di Kargamiš, Orientalia NOVA SERIES 62/1: 67-70.
  77. Mora C. 2000, Archivi periferici nell’Anatolia ittita: l’evidenza delle cretule, in M. Perna (ed.), Administrative Documents in the Aegean and their Near Eastern Counterparts. Proceedings of the International Colloquium. Naples, February 29-March 2, 1996, Roma, Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali: 63-78.
  78. Mora C. 2004, Sigilli e sigillature di Karkemiš in età imperiale ittita I. I re, i dignitari, il (mio) Sole, Orientalia NOVA SERIES 73/4 (= Studi di Ittitologia in onore di Onofrio Carruba): 427-450.
  79. Mora C. 2005, Sigilli e sigillature di Karkemiš in età imperiale ittita. II. I sigilli dei principi e dei funzionari: caratteristiche, uso, funzioni, in M. Perna (ed.), Studi in onore di Enrica Fiandra. Contributi di archeologia egea e vicinorientale, Studi Egei e Vicinorientali 1, Paris – Napoli, de Boccard – Skizzo: 229-244.
  80. Mora C. 2008, Principi di Karkemiš a Ḫattuša: attività e rapporti con il potere ittita, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 50 (= 6th International Congress of Hittitology): 555-563.
  81. Mora C. 2010, Seals and Sealings of Karkamiš, Part III: The Evidence from the Nişantepe-Archives, the Digraphic Seals and the Title EUNUCHUS2, in I. Singer (ed.), ipamati kistamati pari tumatimis. Luwian and Hittite Studies Presented to J. David Hawkins on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, Monograph Series 28, Tel-Aviv, Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology: 170-181.
  82. Mora C. 2014a, Symbols of Power in the Kingdom of Karkamiš (13th-12th Centuries BC), in S. Gaspa et al. (eds), From Source to History: Studies on Ancient Near Eastern Worlds and Beyond. Dedicated to Giovanni Battista Lanfranchi on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday on June 23, 2014, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 412, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag: 433-440.
  83. Mora C. 2014b, La corte di Karkemish durante il periodo imperiale ittita, in N. Marchetti (ed.), Karkemish. An Ancient Capital on the Euphrates, OrientLab 2, Bologna, AnteQuem: 93-98.
  84. Mora C. 2021, Rev. of: D. Charpin, “Tu es de mon sang”. Les alliances dans le Proche-Orient ancien; E. Devecchi (ed.), Trattati internazionali ittiti, Athenaeum 109/1: 268-284.
  85. Mora C., Balza M.E. 2010, Importanza politica ed economica di alcune istituzioni religiose e funerarie nell’impero ittita. Attualità degli studi di Fiorella Imparati, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 52: 253-264.
  86. Mouton A. 2007, Rêves hittites. Contribution à une histoire et une anthropologie du rêve en Anatolie ancienne, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 28, Leiden – Boston – Köln, Brill.
  87. Nakamura M. 2002, Das hethitische nuntarriyašḫa-Fest, Publications de l’Institut historique-archéologique néerlandais de Stamboul 94, Leiden, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
  88. Owen D. 1995, Pasūri-Dagān and Ini-Teššub’s Mother, in Z. Zevit, S. Gitin, M. Sokoloff (eds), Solving Riddles and Untying Knots: Biblical, Epigraphic and Semitic Studies in Honor of Jonas C. Greenfield, Winona Lake (Indiana), Eisenbrauns: 573-584.
  89. Payne A. 20102, Hieroglyphic Luwian. An Introduction with Original Texts, Studia et Instrumenta Linguarum Orientis 2, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  90. Pecchioli Daddi F. 1982, Mestieri, professioni e dignità nell’Anatolia ittita, Incunabula Graeca 79, Roma, Edizioni dell’Ateneo.
  91. Peker H. 2017, Some Remarks on the Imperial Sealings from the 2017 Excavations at Karkemish, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 2017/4: 178-179.
  92. Peker H. 2020, New Evidence for the Late 13th Century BCE Administrative Structure at Karkemiš, in S. de Martino, E. Devecchi (eds), Anatolia Between the 13th and the 12th century BCE, Eothen 23, Firenze, LoGisma: 317-323.
  93. Pruzsinszky R. 2003, Die Personennamen der Texte aus Emar, Studies on the Civilization and the Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians 13, Bethesda (Maryland), CDL Press.
  94. Ranke H. 1935, Die ägyptischen Personennamen. Band I: Verzeichnis der Namen, Glückstadt, J.J. Augustin.
  95. Roche C. 2001, Recherches sur la prosopographie du royaume d’Ougarit de la fin du XIVe siècle au début du XIIe siècle av. J.-C. (Ph.D. Dissertation, Paris IV-Sorbonne).
  96. Salvini M., Trémouille M.-C. 2003, Les textes hittites de Meskéné/Emar, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 45: 225-271.
  97. Schniedewind W.M., Cochavi-Rainey Z. 2015, The El-Amarna Correspondence. A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from the Site of El-Amarna based on Collations of all Extant Tablets, Handbuch der Orientalistik I/110, Leiden – Boston, Brill.
  98. Siegelová J. 1986, Hethitische Verwaltungspraxis im Lichte der Wirtschafts- und Inventardokumente, 3 Bände, Praha, Národní muzeum v Praze.
  99. Singer I. 1983, Takuḫlinu and Ḫaya: Two Governors in the Ugarit Letter from Tel Aphek, Tel Aviv 10: 3-25 (republished in: Singer I. 2011, The Calm before the Storm. Selected Writings of Itamar Singer on the End of the Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Levant, Society of Biblical Literature. Supplement 1, Atlanta, Society of Biblical Literature: 147-172).
  100. Singer I. 1997, Rev. of: van den Hout, Th.P.J. 1995, Der Ulmitešub-Vertrag. Eine prosopographische Untersuchung, (Studien zu den Boğazköy Texten 38, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz), Bibliotheca Orientalis 54/3-4: 416-423.
  101. Singer I. 1999, A Political History of Ugarit, in W.G.E. Watson, N. Wyatt (eds), Handbook of Ugaritic Studies, Handbuch der Orientalistik I/39, Leiden – Boston – Köln, Brill: 603-733.
  102. Singer I. 2000, A New Hittite Letter from Emar, in L. Milano et al. (eds.), Territories, Frontiers and Horizons in the Ancient Near East. Papers presented to the XLIV Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Venezia, 7-11 July 1997, Vol. 3, Padova, S.A.R.G.O.N.: 65-72.
  103. Singer I. 2001, The Treaties with Karkamiš and Hatti, in G. Wilhelm (ed.), Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie, Würzburg, 4.-8. Oktober 1999, Studien zu den Boğazköy Texten 45, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz: 635-641.
  104. Singer I. 2003, The Great Scribe Taki-Šarruma, in G. Beckman, R. Beal, G. McMahon (eds), Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner Jr. on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns: 341-348.
  105. Skaist A. 1998, The Chronology of the Legal Texts from Emar, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 88: 45-71.
  106. Starke F. 1996, Zur “Regierung” des hethitischen Staates, Zeitschrift für Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte 2: 140-182.
  107. Stefanini R. 1962, Studi ittiti 1, Athenaeum 40/1-2: 3-36.
  108. Tani N. 2001, More about the ‘Hešni Conspiracy’, Altorientalische Forschungen 28: 154-164.
  109. Torri G., Barsacchi F.G. 2018, Hethitische Texte in Transkription: KBo 13, Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 51, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  110. van den Hout Th.P.J. 1994, Rev. of: H. Klengel, Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköy: Heft LX: Texte verschiedenen Inhalts, Bibliotheca Orientalis 51/1-2: 119-126.
  111. van den Hout Th.P.J. 1995, Der Ulmitešub-Vertrag. Eine prosopographische Untersuchung, Studien zu den Boğazköy Texten 38, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  112. van den Hout Th.P.J. 1997, Hittite Canonical Compositions – Biography and Autobiography: The Proclamation of Telipinu, in W.W. Hallo et al. (eds), The Context of Scripture. 1: Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World, Leiden – New York – Köln, Brill: 194-198 (No. 1.76).
  113. Werner R. 1967, Hethitische Gerichtsprotokolle, Studien zu den Boğazköy Texten 4, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
  114. Yamada M. 2020, The King of Carchemish and the Hittite Rule of Emar, Orient. Journal of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 55: 43-61.
PDF
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Pages: 93-126
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2023 Author(s)

XML
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2023 Author(s)

Chapter Information

Chapter Title

The Court and Administration of Karkemish in the Late Bronze Age

Authors

Clelia Mora, Maria Elena Balza, Marco De Pietri

Language

English

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0042-4.08

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2023

Copyright Information

© 2023 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

Administrative Practices and Political Control in Anatolian and Syro-Anatolian Polities in the 2nd and 1st Millennium BCE

Editors

Clelia Mora, Giulia Torri

Peer Reviewed

Number of Pages

216

Publication Year

2023

Copyright Information

© 2023 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0042-4

ISBN Print

979-12-215-0041-7

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-0042-4

Series Title

Studia Asiana

Series ISSN

1974-7837

Series E-ISSN

2612-808X

323

Fulltext
downloads

200

Views

Export Citation

1,331

Open Access Books

in the Catalogue

2,094

Book Chapters

3,709,757

Fulltext
downloads

4,300

Authors

from 904 Research Institutions

of 65 Nations

65

scientific boards

from 347 Research Institutions

of 43 Nations

1,246

Referees

from 379 Research Institutions

of 38 Nations