Contained in:
Book Chapter

«There is no second chance at childhood»: pratiche e politiche di child welfare nella comunità ebraica italiana nell’immediato dopoguerra

  • Chiara Renzo

At the end of the Second World War, recovering, safeguarding, rehabilitating and educating Jewish children who survived the Shoah became a common mission for humanitarian organizations involved in the rescue of European civilians, for the Jewish minorities devoted to the reconstruction of their communities, and for Zionist movements involved in the rescue operations and the organization of young Jews’ migration to “the land of Israel”. The essay offers a first survey of the debate on child welfare and child education within the Italian Jewish minority. It emerges that the modern concepts of welfare and education promoted by humanitarian organizations in Republican Italy was unable to replace pre-existing assistance and educational models.

  • Keywords:
  • humanitarianism; Italy; Holocaust; child welfare; child education,
+ Show More

Chiara Renzo

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0002-1444-0643

  1. Adler, Eliyana R. 2020. Survival on the Margins: Polish Jewish Refugees in the Wartime Soviet Union. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  2. Bar-Gil, Shlomo. 1999. Mehapsim Bayt Motzim Moledet: Aliyat Ha-No’ar Be-Hinukh U-Be-Shikum: Sherit Ha-Pletah 1945-1955 [ebraico]. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.
  3. Bauer, Yehuda. 1974. My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Joint Distribution Committee, 1929-1939. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America.
  4. Baumel, Judith Tydor. 2012. Never Look Back: The Jewish Refugee Children in Great Britain, 1938–1945. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.
  5. Borgwardt, Elizabeth. 2007. A New Deal for the World. America’s Vision for Human Rights, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  6. Clifford, Rebecca. 2020. Survivors: Children’s Lives After the Holocaust. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  7. Di Padova, Federica. 2018. “Rinascere in Italia. Matrimoni e nascite nei campi per Displaced Persons ebree 1943-1948.” Deportate, esuli, profughe 36: 1-19.
  8. Doron, Daniella. 2015. Jewish Youth and Identity in Postwar France. Rebuilding Family and Nation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  9. Dwork, Deborah. 1993. Children with a Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  10. Fantoni, Gianluca. 2022. Storia della Brigata ebraica. Gli ebrei della Palestina che combatterono in Italia nella Seconda guerra mondiale. Torino: Einaudi.
  11. Fehrenbach, Heide. 2015. “Children and Other Civilians: Photography and the Politics of Humanitarian Image-Making.” In Heide Fehrenbach, Davide Rodogno (ed. by), Humanitarian Photography, 165-99. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  12. Fieldstone, Sara. 2015. Raising the World. Child Welfare in the American Century. Cambridge-London: Harvard University Press.
  13. Gentile, Felix M. 1946. “U.N.R.R.A. Child-Feeding in Italy.” Social Service Review 20, 4: 502.
  14. Gorin, Valerie. 2015. “L’enfance comme figure compassionnelle: Étude transversale de l’iconographie de la famine aux dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles.” Revue Européenne d’Histoire 22, 6: 940-62.
  15. Grossman, Atina. 2007. Jews, Germans, and Allies. Close Encounters in Occupied Germany. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  16. Holborn, Louise W. 1956. International Refugee Organization: A Specialized Agency of The United Nations. Its History and Work, 1946-1952. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  17. Jacobs, Samuel K. 1950a. “The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund: An Instrument of International Social Policy.” Social Service Review 24, 2: 143-72.
  18. Jacobs, Samuel K. 1950b. “The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund: An Instrument of International Social Policy.” Social Service Review 24, 3: 347-73.
  19. Klein, Shira. 2018. Italy’s Jews from emancipation to fascism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  20. Luzzatto, Sergio. 2018. I bambini di Moshe: gli orfani della Shoah e la nascita di Israel. Torino: Einaudi.
  21. Maida, Bruno. 2019. La Shoah dei bambini. La persecuzione dell’infanzia ebraica in Italia (1938-1945). Torino: Einaudi.
  22. Malkki, Liisa. 2010. “Children, Humanity, and the Infantilization of Peace.” In Ilana Feldman, Miriam Ticktin (ed. by), In the Name of Humanity: The Government of Threat and Care, 58-85. Durham: Duke University Press.
  23. Mankowitz, Zeev. 2002. Life between Memory And Hope: The Survivors of The Holocaust In Occupied Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  24. Marshall, Dominique. 2002. “Humanitarian Sympathy for Children in Times of War and the History of Children’s Rights, 1919–1959.” In J. A. Marten (ed. by), Children and War: A Historical Anthology, 184-99. New York: New York University Press.
  25. Marzano, Arturo. 2010. “Italian Jewish Migration to Eretz Israel and the birth of the Italian Chalutz Movement (1938–1948).” Mediterranean Review 3, 1: 1-29.
  26. Ouzan, Françoise. 2018. How Young Holocaust Survivors Rebuilt Their Lives: France, the United States, and Israel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  27. Picciotto, Liliana. 2019. Salvarsi, Gli ebrei d’Italia sfuggiti alla Shoah. Torino: Einaudi.
  28. Piussi, Anna Maria (a cura di). 1997. E li insegnerai ai tuoi figli. Educazione ebraica in Italia dalle leggi razziali ad oggi. Firenze: Giuntina.
  29. Procaccia, Micaela (a cura di). 2016. Una storia nel secolo breve. L’Orfanotrofio Israelitico Italiano Giuseppe e Violante Pitigliani (Roma 1902-1972). Firenze: Giuntina.
  30. Reinisch, Jessica. 2011. “Internationalism in relief: the Birth (and death) of UNRRA.” Past & Present 210, 6: 258-89.
  31. Reinisch, Jessica. 2013. “Auntie UNRRA at the crossroads.” Past & Present 218, 8, 2013: 70-97.
  32. Renzo, Chiara, Aldouby Achinoam, and Michal Peles-Almagor. 2022. “Theater in Jewish DPs Camps in Italy: A Stage for Political and Ideological Debate on Aliyah, Zionism and Jewish identity.” Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History 21, 1: 103-54.
  33. Renzo, Chiara. 2020. “‘To Build and Be Built’: Jewish Displaced Children and Youth in Post-War Italy, 1943–48.” In Beatrice Scutaru, Simone Paoli (ed. by), Child Migration and Biopolitics. Old and New Experiences in Europe, 105-23. London: Routledge.
  34. Salvatici, Silvia. 2011. “Not Enough Food to Feed the People. L’Unrra in Italia (1944-1945).” Contemporanea. Rivista di storia dell’800 e del ‘900 14, 1: 83-99.
  35. Schwarz, Guri. 2004. Ritrovare se stessi. Gli ebrei nell’Italia postfascista. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  36. Shapira, Michal. 2013. The War Inside: Psychoanalysis, Total War, and the Making of the Democratic Self in Postwar Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  37. Simoni, Marcella. 2018. “Young Italian Jews in Israel, and Back: Voices from a Generation (1945–1953).” In Francesca Bregoli, Carlotta Ferrara degli Uberti, Guri Schwarz (ed. by), Italian Jewish Networks from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century, 173-200. Palgrave Macmillan.
  38. Stein, Herman D. 1948. “Welfare and Child Care Needs of European Jewry.” Jewish Social Service Quarterly 25.
  39. Toscano, Mario. 1990. La “Porta di Sion” L’Italia e l’immigrazione clandestina ebraica in Palestina, 1945–1948. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  40. Urwin, Cathy, and Elaine Sharland. 1992. “From Bodies to Minds in Childcare Literature: Advice to Parents in Inter-War Britain.” In Roger Cooter (ed. by), In the Name of the Child: Health and Welfare in England, 1880–1940, 174-99. New York: Routledge.
  41. Varchaver, Catherine. 1946. “The Letters of European Jewish Children.” The Jewish Social Service Quarterly 23, 2: 119-24.
  42. Varchaver, Catherine. 1948. “Rehabilitation of European Jewish Children Through Personal Contact.” The Jewish Social Service Quarterly 24, 4: 408-11.
  43. Vezzosi, Elisabetta. 2002. Madri e Stato. Politiche sociali negli Stati Uniti del Novecento. Roma: Carocci.
  44. World Jewish Congress (a cura di). 1948. Unity in dispersion. A history of the World Jewish Congress. New York: World Jewish Congress.
  45. Zahra, Tara. 2009. “Lost Children: Displacement, Family, and Nation in Postwar Europe.” The Journal of Modern History 81, 1: 45-86.
  46. Zahra, Tara. 2012. I figli perduti. La ricostruzione delle famiglie europee nel secondo dopoguerra. Milano: Feltrinelli.
  47. Zeitoun, Sabine. 2010. Histoire de l’Ose: de la Russie tsariste à l’occupation en France. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  48. Zertal, Idith. 1998. From Catastrophe to Power: The Holocaust Survivors and the Emergence of Israel. Berkeley: University of California Press.
PDF
  • Publication Year: 2024
  • Pages: 19-38
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2024 Author(s)

XML
  • Publication Year: 2024
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2024 Author(s)

Chapter Information

Chapter Title

«There is no second chance at childhood»: pratiche e politiche di child welfare nella comunità ebraica italiana nell’immediato dopoguerra

Authors

Chiara Renzo

Language

Italian

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0389-0.02

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2024

Copyright Information

© 2024 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

L’Italia repubblicana e gli aiuti internazionali

Editors

Silvia Salvatici, Annalisa Urbano

Peer Reviewed

Number of Pages

214

Publication Year

2024

Copyright Information

© 2024 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0389-0

ISBN Print

979-12-215-0388-3

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-0389-0

eISBN (epub)

979-12-215-0390-6

eISBN (xml)

979-12-215-0391-3

Series Title

Biblioteca di storia

Series ISSN

2464-9007

Series E-ISSN

2704-5986

47

Fulltext
downloads

125

Views

Export Citation

1,346

Open Access Books

in the Catalogue

2,262

Book Chapters

3,790,127

Fulltext
downloads

4,420

Authors

from 923 Research Institutions

of 65 Nations

65

scientific boards

from 348 Research Institutions

of 43 Nations

1,248

Referees

from 381 Research Institutions

of 38 Nations