Origini, forma e (dis)funzioni dell’apparato masticatorio in Homo sapiens

Abitbol, Maurice M. 1988. “Effect of posture and locomotion on energy expenditure.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 77, 2: 191-99.

Aboitiz, Francisco. 1994. “The evolution of brain size and organization in vertebrates. A program for research.” Biological research 27: 15-27.

Ackermann, François. 1953. Le mécanisme des mâchoires (naturelles et artificielles): de la théorie a la pratique, de la clinique a la technique. Paris: Masson.

Ahmed, Imtiaz, Rozina Nazir, and Ahsan Tabassum. 2011. “Influence of malocclusion on the depth of curve of Spee.” JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 61, 11: 1056-59.

Aiello, Leslie, and Christopher Dean. 1990. An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy. Cambridge: Academic Press.

Akobo, Seleipiri, et al. 2015. “The odontoid process: a comprehensive review of its anatomy, embryology, and variations.” Child's Nervous System 31, 11: 2025-34.

Albanese, Carlina V., and Roberto Passariello, eds. 2010. Osteoporosi e malattie metaboliche dell'osso. Clinica e diagnostica. Berlin: Springer.

Alghadir, Ahmad H., Hamayun Zafar, and Zaheen A. Iqbal. 2015. “Effect of three different jaw positions on postural stability during standing.” Functional neurology 30, 1: 53.

Allard, Patrich, and Clifford J. Tabin. 2009. “Achieving bilateral symmetry during vertebrate limb development.” Seminars in cell & developmental biology 20, 4: 479-84.

Al-Nimri, Kazem S., Anwar B. Bataineh, and Sawsan Abo-Farha. 2010. “Functional occlusal patterns and their relationship to static occlusion.” The Angle Orthodontist 80, 1: 65-71.

Alves, Nilton. 2008. “Study about the development of the temporomandibular joint in the human fetuses.” International Journal of Morphology 88, 3: 89-101.

Anastasi, Michele Runci, et al. 2020. “The discomallear ligament: anatomical, microscopical, and radiologic analysis.” Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 42, 5: 559-65.

Anderson, Paul, and Stephen Creanor. 2016. “Enamel.” Essential Clinical Oral Biology 23, 11.

Ang, Siang Fung, et al. 2012. “Comparison of mechanical behaviors of enamel rod and interrod regions in enamel.” Journal of Materials Research 27, 2: 448-56.

Angelo, David F., et al. 2016. “Choosing sheep (Ovis aries) as animal model for temporomandibular joint research: Morphological, histological and biomechanical characterization of the joint disc.” Morphologie 100, 331: 223-33.

Angle, Edward H. 1981. “Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth.” In The Classics of Dentistry Library. Birmingham Alabama Division of Gryphon Editions Ltd. 198-262.

Anirudh, B. V. M., K. Yuvaraj Babu, and Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj. 2018. “Comparing the dimensions of canine tooth in different species.” Drug Invention Today 10, 3: 3311-13.

Anochin, P. K., and W. G. Agafonow. 1961. “Current problems in the physiology, morphology, pharmacology and clinical aspects of the reticular formation of the brain. (A survey of the problem based on the contributions of the 1st scientific conference on the reticular formation of the brain).” Sowjetwissenschaft; Naturwissenschaftliche Beitrage 787.

Anthwal, Neal, Leena Joshi, and Abigail S. Tucker. 2013. “Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures.” Journal of anatomy 222, 1: 147-60.

Anthwal, Neal, Heiko Peters, and Abigail S. Tucker. 2015. “Species-specific modifications of mandible shape reveal independent mechanisms for growth and initiation of the coronoid.” EvoDevo 6, 1: 1-14.

Anthwal, Neal, et al. 2017. “Meckel’s cartilage breakdown offers clues to mammalian middle ear evolution.” Nature ecology & evolution 1, 4: 1-6.

Anson, Barry J., Theodore H. Bast, and Shafik F. Richany. 1955. “LXXVI The Fetal and Early Postnatal Development of the Tympanic Ring and Related Structures in Man.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 64, 3: 802-23.

Arai Hiroshi, and Iwao Sato. 2011. “Anatomical study of the human discomalleolar ligament using computed tomography imaging and morphological observation” Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 88, 3: 89-101.

Aristeguieta, Luis Miguel Ramirez, Luis Ernesto Ballesteros Acuña, and Germán Pablo Sandoval Ortiz. 2010. “Tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles: anatomical, functional and symptomatic links.” Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 61, 1: 26-33.

Arlegi, Mikel, et al. 2017. “The role of allometry and posture in the evolution of the hominin subaxial cervical spine.” Journal of Human Evolution 104: 80-99.

Arlegi, Mikel, Aida Gómez‐Robles, and Asier Gómez‐Olivencia. 2018. “Morphological integration in the gorilla, chimpanzee, and human neck.” American journal of physical anthropology 166, 2: 408-416.

Armfield, Brooke A., et al. 2013. “Development and evolution of the unique cetacean dentition.” PeerJ 1: e24.

Arnold, Patrick. 2020. “Evolution of the mammalian neck from developmental, morpho-functional, and paleontological perspectives.” Journal of Mammalian Evolution 28: 173-83.

Arshavsky, I., Tatiana G. Deliagina, and G. N. Orlovsky. 2015. “Central Pattern Generators: Mechanisms of the Activity and Their Role in the Control of Automatic Movements.” Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni IP Pavlova 65, 2: 156-87.

Ashton, E. H., and Solly Zuckerman. 1954. “The anatomy of the articular fossa (fossa mandibularis) in man and apes.” American journal of physical anthropology 12, 1: 29-62.

Atchley, William. 1993. “Genetic and developmental aspects of variability in the mammalian mandible.” The Skull 1: 207-47.

Aung, Phyto A., et al. 2021. “Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioural development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats.” Scientific reports, 11, 1: 1-12.

Ayuse, Takao, et al. 2004. “Mouth-opening increases upper-airway collapsibility without changing resistance during midazolam sedation.” Journal of dental research 83, 9: 718-22.

Bajaj, Devendra, and Dwayne D. Arola. 2009. “On the R-curve behavior of human tooth enamel.” Biomaterials 30, 23-24: 4037-46.

Becker, Curtis M., and David A. Kaiser. 1993. “Evolution of occlusion and occlusal instruments.” Journal of Prosthodontics 2, 1: 33-43.

bestOdont Soc Great Britain 5 (1866): 133-58.

Baragar, F. A., and J. W. Osborn. 1984. “A model relating patterns of human jaw movement to biomechanical constraints.” Journal of biomechanics 17, 10: 757-67.

Barrera, José M., et al. 2013. “Wilson maxillary curve analyzed by cbct. a study on normocclusion and malocclusion individuals.” Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 18, 3: e547.

Beaudet, Amélie, et al. 2020. “The atlas of StW 573 and the late emergence of human-like head mobility and brain metabolism.” Scientific reports 10, 1: 1-13.

Baumel, J. J. 1974. “Trigeminal-facial nerve communications: Their function in facial muscle innervation and reinnervation.” Archives of Otolaryngology 99, 1: 34-44.

Bechtle, Sabine, et al. 2012. “Hierarchical flexural strength of enamel: transition from brittle to damage-tolerant behaviour.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, 71: 1265-74.

Beecher R.M., Corruccini R.S. 1981. “Effects of dietary consistency on craniofacial and occlusal development in the rat.” Angle Orthod 51: 61-69.

Beek M., et al. 2000. “Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the human temporomandibular joint disc.” J Biomech 33: 307-16.

Begg, P. Raymond. 1954. “Stone age man’s dentition: with reference to anatomically correct occlusion, the etiology of malocclusion, and a technique for its treatment.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 40, 4: 298-312.

Been, Ella, et al. 2017. Evolution of spinopelvic alignment in hominins. The Anatomical Record, 300, 5: 900-11.

Been, Ella, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, and Patricia Ann Kramer, eds. 2019. Spinal Evolution: Morphology, Function, and Pathology of the Spine in Hominoid Evolution. Berlin: Springer.

Bels, Vincent. 2019. Feeding in Vertebrates: Evolution, Morphology, Behavior, Biomechanics. Berlin: Springer.

Bemis, William E., Anne Giuliano, and Betty McGuire. 2005. “Structure, attachment, replacement and growth of teeth in bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, a teleost with deeply socketed teeth.” Zoology 108, 4: 317-27.

Ben-Bassat, Yocheved, et al. 2006. “Occlusal patterns in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 130, 5: 629-33.

Benazzi, Stefano, et al. 2011. “Using occlusal wear information and finite element analysis to investigate stress distributions in human molars.” Journal of Anatomy 219, 3: 259-72.

Benazzi, Stefano, et al. 2012. “Brief communication: comparing loading scenarios in lower first molar supporting bone structure using 3D finite element analysis.” American journal of physical anthropology 147, 1: 128-34.

Benazzi, Stefano, et al. 2013. “The evolutionary paradox of tooth wear: simply destruction or inevitable adaptation?” PLoS One 8, 4: e62263. a.

Benazzi, Stefano, et al. 2013. “Unravelling the functional biomechanics of dental features and tooth wear.” PLoS One 8, 7: e69990.

Benazzi, Stefano, et al. 2013. “Individual tooth macrowear pattern guides the reconstruction of Sts 52 (Australopithecus africanus) dental arches.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 150: 324-29.

Bennett, Albert F., and John A. Ruben. 1979. “Endothermy and activity in vertebrates.” Science 206, 4419: 649-54.

Benoît R. 2004. “Génétique et arcades dentaires.” Orthod Fr 75, 2: 107-21.

Benoît, Roland, and Jean Granat. 2010. “The canine in the dento-alveolar system.” Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics 13, 1: 11-39.

Benton, Michael J. 2000. Paleontologia dei vertebrati. Milano: Lucisano.

Bergqvist, Lílian Paglarelli. 2003. “The role of teeth in mammal history.” Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 2, 6: 249-57.

Berry, D.C., and D.F.G. Poole. 1976. “Attrition: possible mechanisms of compensation.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 3, 3: 201-06.

Berkovitz, Barry K.B. 2004. “Periodontal ligament: structural and clinical correlates.” Dental update 31, 1: 46-54.

Berkovitz, Barry K.B., and Robert Peter Shellis. 2016. “The teeth of non-mammalian vertebrates.” New York: Academic Press.

Berkovitz, Barry K.B., and Shellis, Peter. 2018. The Teeth of Mammalian Vertebrates. New York: Academic Press.

Bertsen, Wouter, McCulloch, Christopher A.G. and Jaroslav Sodek. 2000. “The periodontal ligament: a unique, multifunctional connective tissue.” Periodontology 13, 1: 20-40.

Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., et al. 2019. “Rolling of the jaw is essential for mammalian chewing and tribosphenic molar function.” Nature 566, 7745: 528.

Biavati, Piero Silvestrini. 2019. Trattamento semplificato in gnatologia. Il metodo Global Occlusion. Milano: Edra.

Bimler, Barbara. 2007. Die ‘Speesche Kurve’ bei einigen Säugetieren.

Biewener, Andrew A. 1991. “Musculoskeletal design in relation to body size.” Journal of Biomechanics 24: 19-29.

Bodic, François, et al. 2005. “Bone loss and teeth.” Joint Bone Spine 72, 3: 215-21.

Bonato, Letícia Ladeira, et al. 2017. “Association between temporomandibular disorders and pain in other regions of the body.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 44, 1: 9-15.

Bono, Davide. 2020. Intraoral somatosensation: A NASCENT perspective. Doctoral dissertation. London: UCL.

Bosshardt, Dieter D., and Knut A. Selvig. 1997. “Dental cementum: the dynamic tissue covering of the root.” Periodontology 2000 13, 1: 41-75.

Bosshardt, Dieter D., et al. 2008. “Regional structural characteristics of bovine periodontal ligament samples and their suitability for biomechanical tests.” Journal of anatomy 212, 3: 319-29.

Boucher, Louis, and Jay Jacoby. 1961. “Posterior border movements of the human mandible.” The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 11, 5: 836-41.

Boyde, Alan. 1984. “Dependence of rate of physical erosion on orientation and density in mineralised tissues.” Anatomy and embryology 170, 1: 57-62.

Boyde, Alan, et al. 1988. “Basis of the structure and development of mammalian enamel as seen by scanning electron microscopy.” Scanning microscopy 2, 3: 1479-90.

Brace, C. Loring. 1977. “Occlusion to the anthropological eye.” The biology of occlusal development 7: 179-209.

Braly, A., et al. 2007. “The effect of prism orientation on the indentation testing of human molar enamel.” Archives of oral biology 52, 9: 856-60.

Bramble, Dennis M., and Daniel E. Lieberman. 2004. “Endurance running and the evolution of Homo.” Nature 432, 7015: 345.

Bresin A., Johansson C., and S. Kiliaridis. 1994. “Effects of occlusal strain on the development of the dentoalveolar process in the growing rat. A morphometric study.” Eur J Musculoskel Res 3: 112-122.

Brinkworth, Russell S., Male Courtney, and Kemal S. Türker. 2004. “Response of human jaw muscles to axial stimulation of a molar tooth.” Experimental brain research 159, 2: 214-24.

Bromley, Keith M., et al. 2011. “Dissecting amelogenin protein nanospheres: characterization of metastable oligomers.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, 40: 34643-53.

Brookes, Steven J., et al. 2017. “Structure of Mature Enamel.” Dental Enamel Formation to Destruction. 165-180.

Brown, Warwick A.B., and Norma G. Chapman. 1991. “The dentition of red deer (Cervus elaphus): a scoring scheme to assess age from wear of the permanent molariform teeth.” Journal of zoology 224, 4: 519-36.

Brown, E. C., et al. 2013. “Tongue and lateral upper airway movement with mandibular advancement.” Sleep 36, 3: 397-404.

Brown, Jeffery G. 2014. “Jaw function in Smilodon fatalis: a reevaluation of the canine shear-bite and a proposal for a new forelimb-powered class 1 lever model.” PloS one 9, 10: e107456.

Bruna E., et al. 2013. “Occlusione in odontoiatria restaurativa”. Quaderno di aggiornamento odontoiatrico 31.

Bruner, Emiliano, Giorgio Manzi, and Juan Luis Arsuaga. 2003. “Encephalization and allometric trajectories in the genus Homo: evidence from the Neandertal and modern lineages.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, 26: 15335-40.

Bruner, Emiliano. 2015. “Functional craniology and brain evolution.” In Human paleoneurology. 57-94. Berlin: springer.

Buffoli, Barbara, et al. 2014. “Morphometric analysis of Huguier’s canal by Cone Beam CT.” Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 118, 2: 36.

Burch, J.G. 1970. “Activity of the accessory ligaments of the temporomandibular joint.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 24, 6: 621-28.

Burrows, Anne M. 2008. “The facial expression musculature in primates and its evolutionary significance.” Bioessays 30, 3: 212-25.

Busquet, Léopold. 2002. Le catene muscolari. Roma: Marrapese.

Butler, P.M. 1952. “The milk‐molars of Perissodactyla, with remarks on molar occlusion.” Proceedings of the zoological Society of London 121, 4: 777-817.

Butler, P.M. 1972. “Some functional aspects of molar evolution.” Evolution 26, 3: 474-83.

Byers, Margaret R. 1984. “Dental sensory receptors.” International review of neurobiology 25: 39-94.

Byers, Margaret R., and Willie K. Dong. 1989. “Comparison of trigeminal receptor location and structure in the periodontal ligament of different types of teeth from the rat, cat, and monkey.” Journal of Comparative Neurology 279, 1: 117-27.

Byers, Margaret R., and Leanne M. Cornel. 2018. “Multiple complex somatosensory systems in mature rat molars defined by immunohistochemistry.” Archives of oral biology 85: 84-97.

Cai, Mingshu, et al. 2016. “Effect of head and jaw position on respiratory-related motion of the genioglossus.” Journal of Applied Physiology 120, 7: 758-65.

Campbell, Thomas Draper. 1923. Dentition and palate of the Australian aboriginal from observations on the skull: A study in physical anthropology and dental pathology. [Adelaide]: [sn].

Cárabe Fernández, Laura. 2014. Análisis tridimensional de la inclinación bucolingual de primeros y segundos molares superiores en los distintos patrones faciales. Oviedo: Universidad de Oviedo.

Carlson, David S. 1985. “Craniofacial biology as normal science.” In New vistas in orthodontics. 12-37. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Carlson, David S. 1999. “Growth modification: from molecules to mandibles.” Craniofacial Growth Series 35: 17-62.

Carlson, Sandra J. 1990. “Vertebrate dental structures.” Skeletal biomineralization: patterns, processes and evolutionary trends 1: 531-56.

Cash, R. M., and R. W. Linden. 1982. “The distribution of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the mandibular canine tooth of the cat.” The Journal of physiology 330, 1: 439-447.

Casteyde, Jean-Pierre. 1977. “Etio-pathogénie et symptomatologie des syndromes dysfonctionnels de l’appareil manducateur.” Revue d’Odonto-Stomatologie 6, 6: 477-86.

Casteyde, Jean-Pierre. 2008. “L’occlusion de la canine. Importance, options de réglages, risques et précautions.” Actualités Odonto-Stomatologiques 244: 355-66.

Cawood, J. I., and R. A. Howell. 1988. “A classification of the edentulous jaws.” International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 17, 4: 232-36.

Cerny, Robert, et al. 2004. “Developmental origins and evolution of jaws: new interpretation of ‘maxillary’ and ‘mandibular’.” Developmental biology 276, 1: 225-36.

Cerny, Robert, et al. 2010. “Evidence for the prepattern/cooption model of vertebrate jaw evolution.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 40: 17262-67.

Chang, Yen-Hsiang, et al. 2009. “Mechanical interactions of cuspal-coverage designs and cement thickness in a cusp-replacing ceramic premolar restoration: a finite element study.” Medical & biological engineering & computing 47, 4: 367.

Chen, Xingbin. 1998. “The instantaneous center of rotation during human jaw opening and its significance in interpreting the functional meaning of condylar translation.” American journal of physical anthropology: the official publication of the american association of physical anthropologists 106, 1: 35-46.

Chen, Y.C., et al. 1998. “Physical training modifies the age-related decrease of GAP-43 and synaptophysin in the hippocampal formation in C57BL/6J mouse.” Brain research 806, 2: 238-45.

Cheynet, F., et al. 2003. “Discomallear and malleomandibular ligaments: anatomical study and clinical applications.” Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 25, 2: 152-57.

Cho, Moon‐Il, and Phanoilias R. Garant. 2000. “Development and general structure of the periodontium.” Periodontology 2000 24, 1: 9-27.

Choi, Dong-Soon, et al. 2012. “Three-dimensional finite element analysis of occlusal stress distribution in the human skull with premolar extraction.” The Angle Orthodontist 83, 2: 204-11.

Choi, Hyeonki, Keshner Emily, and Barry W. Peterson. 2003. “Comparison of cervical musculoskeletal kinematics in two different postures of primate during voluntary head tracking.” KSME International Journal 17: 1140-47.

Choi, Hyeonki, et al. 2017. “The brain activation pattern of the medial temporal lobe during chewing gum: a functional MRI study.” Neural Regen Res 12: 812-4.

Christensen, Finn Tengs. 1959. “The effect of Bonwill’s triangle on complete dentures”. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 9, 5: 791-96.

Chun, Keyoung Jin, H. H. Choi, and Jun-Young Lee. 2014. “Comparison of mechanical property and role between enamel and dentin in the human teeth.” Journal of dental biomechanics 5, 1: 1758736014520809.

Chung, Gu-Yeung, et al. 2016. “Gait changes after using a temporomandibular joint exerciser in patients who underwent lower limb joint surgery.” Journal of physical therapy science 28, 5: 1584-87.

Clark, Glenn T., et al. 1993. “Co-activation of sternocleidomastoid muscles during maximum clenching.” Journal of dental research 72, 11: 1499-502.

Clark, J. R., and R. D. Evans. “Functional occlusion: I. A review.” Journal of orthodontics (2001).

Clinton, T., and L. E. Lanyon. 1984. “Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads.” J Bone Joint Surg Am 66: 397-402.

Cobourne, Martyn T., and Thimios Mitsiadis. 2006. “Neural crest cells and patterning of the mammalian dentition.” Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 306, 3: 251-60.

Constantino, Paul J., et al. 2009. “The influence of fallback foods on great ape tooth enamel.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 140, 4: 653-60.

Constantino, Paul J., et al. 2016. “On the evolutionary advantage of multi-cusped teeth.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, 121: 20160374.

Coombs, M. C., et al. 2017. “Structure-function relationships of temporomandibular retrodiscal tissue.” Journal of dental research 96, 6: 647-53.

Cooper, J. S., and D. F. G. Poole. 1973. “The dentition and dental tissues of the agamid lizard, Uromastyx.” Journal of Zoology 169, 1: 85-100.

Corneil, Brian D., et al. 2001. “Neck muscles in the rhesus monkey. II. Electromyographic patterns of activation underlying postures and movements.” J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1729e1749.

Corruccini, Robert S., and Robert M. Beecher. 1982. “Occlusal variation related to soft diet in a nonhuman primate.” Science 218, 4567: 74-76.

Corruccini, Robert S., et al. 1983. “Epidemiological survey of occlusion in North India.” British journal of orthodontics 10, 1: 44-47.

Corruccini, Robert S. 1984. “An epidemiologic transition in dental occlusion in world populations.” American journal of orthodontics 86, 5: 419-26.

Corruccini, R. S., and R. M. Beecher. 1984. “Occlusofacial morphological integration lowered in baboons raised on soft diet.” Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology 4, 2: 135-42.

Corruccini, Robert S., Louisa B. Flander, and Samvit S. Kaul. 1985. “Mouth breathing, occlusion, and modernization in a north Indian population: An epidemiologic study.” The Angle Orthodontist 55, 3: 190-96.

Corruccini, Robert S. 1991. “Anthropological aspects of orofacial and occlusal variations and anomalies.”In M.A. Kelley and C.S Larsen. eds. Advances in dental anthropology.

Corruccini, Robert S. 1999. How anthropology informs the orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusion’s causes. Lewinston: Edwin Mellen Press.

Costa, Anna K., et al. 2014. “Influence of occlusal contact area on cusp defection and stress distribution.” The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, 6: 699-704.

Cowin, Stephen C. 1986. “Wolff’s law of trabecular architecture at remodeling equilibrium.” J Biomech 108, 1: 83-88.

Cowin, Stephen C. 2007. “The significance of bone microstructure in mechanotransduction” J Biomech 40, 1: S105-S109.

Cox, Philip G., and Nathan Jeffery. 2015. “The muscles of mastication in rodents and the function of the medial pterygoid.” Evolution of the rodents: advances in phylogeny, functional morphology and development 5: 350-72.

Craddock F.W. 1948. “The muscles of mastication and mandibular movements.” NZ Dent J 44: 233-39.

Crompton, A.W. 1963. “The evolution of the mammalian jaw.” Evolution 17, 4: 431-39.

Crompton, A.W., and Farish A. Jenkins. 1968. “Molar occlusion in Late Triassic mammals.” Biological Reviews 43, 4: 427-58.

Crompton, A.W. “The origin of the tribosphenic molar.” Early mammals 50 (1971): 65-87.

Crompton, A.W., and W. L. Hylander. 1986. “Changes in mandibular function following the acquisition of a dentary-squamosal jaw articulation.” The ecology and biology of mammal-like reptiles 263: 282.

Crompton, A.W. 1989. “The evolution of mammalian mastication.” Complex organismal functions: Integration and evolution in vertebrates 2340.

Crompton, A.W., C.B. Wood, and D.N. Stern. 1994. “Differential wear of enamel: a mechanism for maintaining sharp cutting edges.” Biomechanics of Feeding in Vertebrates. 321-346. Berlin: Springer.

Cuccia, A.M., Caradonna, C., and Caradonna, D. 2011. “Manual therapy of the mandibular accessory ligaments for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders.” The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 111, 2: 102-12.

Cui, Fu‐Zhai, and Jun Ge. 2007. “New observations of the hierarchical structure of human enamel, from nanoscale to microscale.” Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 1, 3: 185-91.

Cuy, Janet L., et al. 2002. “Nanoindentation mapping of the mechanical properties of human molar tooth enamel.” Archives of oral biology 47, 4: 281-91.

Currey, John D. 2006. Bones: structure and mechanics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Daculsi, G., Menanteau, J., Kerebel, L. M., and Mitre, D. 1984. “Length and shape of enamel crystals.” Calcified tissue international 36, 1: 550-55.

D’incau, Emmanuel, and Paul Saulue. 2012. “Understanding dental wear.” J Biomech 108, 1: 83-88.

D’Incau, Emmanuel, Christine Couture, and Bruno Maureille. 2012. “Human tooth wear in the past and the present: tribological mechanisms, scoring systems, dental and skeletal compensations.” Archives of oral biology 57, 3: 214-29.

Dart, Raymond A. 1934. “The Dentition of Australopithecus Africanus.” Folia anatomica japonica 12, 4: 207-21.

Darwin, Charles. 1964. On the origin of species: A facsimile of the first edition. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Davis, Brian M. 2011. “Evolution of the tribosphenic molar pattern in early mammals, with comments on the ‘dual-origin’ hypothesis.” Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18, 4: 227.

Daegling, David J. 1993. “Functional morphology of the human chin.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 1, 5: 170-77.

Dawson, Peter E. 2006. Functional Occlusion-E-Book: From TMJ to Smile Design. Elsevier Health Sciences.

De Toffol, L. 2004. “P Cozza M di Girolamo F Cirillo.” Virtual Journal of Orthodontics 6, 2: 1-8.

Dean, Christopher. 1990. An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy. New York: Academic Press.

Defraia, E. G., Baroni, A. Marinelli. 2006. “Dimensioni delle arcate dentali in dentizione mista: uno studio su bambini italiani nati negli anni ’50 e ’90.” Angle Orthodontist 6, 3.

Deitch J.S, Rubel E.W. 1989. “Rapid changes in ultrastructure during deafferentation-induced atrophy.” Journal of Comparative Neurology 281, 2: 234-58.

Delezène, Lucas K. 2015. “Modularity of the anthropoid dentition: Implications for the evolution of the hominin canine honing complex.” Journal of human evolution 86: 1-12.

Del Palomar, A. Perez, and M. Doblare. 2006. “Finite element analysis of the temporomandibular joint during lateral excursions of the mandible.” Journal of Biomechanics 39, 12: 2153-63.

Deter, Christina A. 2009. “Gradients of occlusal wear in hunter‐gatherers and agriculturalists.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 138, 3: 247-54.

Dettori, Salvatore, Angelo Confaloni, e Tonio Pazzola. 2017. RNO. Evoluzione del rapporto dinamico funzionale tra occlusione ed ATM. Mercurio.

De Toffol, L., P. Cozza, M. Di Girolamo, F. Cirillo. 2004. “Il condilio mandibolare.” Virtual Journal of Orthodontics, 6, 2: 1-8.

Dhakray, V., et al. 2012. “Evolution And History Of The Periodontal Ligament-A.” Internet Journal of Medical Technology 6, 1.

Di Vincenzo, F. 2011. “Evoluzione: da Australopithecus a homo.” Nutrirsi 9: 68-80.

Di Vincenzo, F., e G. Manzi. 2013. “E poi venne il cervello: evoluzione umana ed encefalizzazione.” In Evoluzione biologica e i grandi problemi della biologia. Cervello in evoluzione (Roma, 27-28 febbraio 2013).

Dickerson, W. G., C. A. Chan, and J. Carlson. 2001. “The human stomatognathic system:

a scientific approach to occlusion.” Dentistry today 20, 2: 100.

Dickson, G. C. 1970. “The natural history of malocclusion.” The Dental practitioner and dental record 20, 6 (1970): 216-232.

Diekwisch, Thomas G.H. 2016. “Our periodontal tissue: a masterpiece of evolution.” Journal of clinical periodontology 43, 4: 320-22.

Dinsdale, A. et al. 2020. “Are jaw range of motion, muscle function and proprioception impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis.” Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 47, 11: 1448-78.

Diogo, R. et al. 2009. “On the origin, homologies and evolution of primate facial muscles, with a particular focus on hominoids and a suggested unifying nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia.” Journal of Anatomy, 215, 3: 300-19.

Diogo, R., and V. Powell. 2019. “The Origin and Evolution of Mammalian Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on the Facial Myology of Primates and Modern Humans.” In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, pp. 253-293. Cham: Springer.

Dong, Willie K., et al. 1993. “Static and dynamic responses of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors and intradental mechanoreceptors.” Journal of neurophysiology 69, 5: 1567-82.

Dreier, F.G. 1994. “Age at death estimates for the protohistoric Arikara using molar attrition rates: a oonew quantification method.” Int J Osteoarchaeol 4, 2: 137-47.

Du Brul, E. Lloyd. 1964. “Evolution of the temporomandibular joint in Sarnat, BG.” The temporomandibular joint.

Du Brul, E. Lloyd. 1977. “Early hominid feeding mechanisms.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 47, 2: 305-20.

Dumont, Elizabeth R. 1995. “Enamel thickness and dietary adaptation among extant primates and chiropteerans” Journal of Mammology 76: 1127-36.

Dumont, Elizabeth R., and Anthony Herrel. 2003. “The effects of gape angle and bite point on bite force in bats.” Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 13: 2117-23.

Dunbar, Donald C. et al. 2004. “Stabilization and mobility of the head and trunk in wild monkeys during terrestrial and flat-surface walks and gallops.” Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 6: 1027-42.

Dunbar, Donald C. et al. 2008. “Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates.” Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 24: 3889-907.

Duncan, R. L., and C. H. Turner. 1995. “Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain.” Calcified tissue international 57, 5: 344-58.

Dupont, Sirio et al. 2011. “Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction.” Nature 474, 7350: 179-83.

Durband, Arthur C. 2008. “Mandibular fossa morphology in the Ngandong and Sambungmacan fossil hominids.” The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 291, 10: 1212-20.

Ebben, William P., Eamonn P. Flanagan, and Randall L. Jensen. 2008. “Jaw clenching results in concurrent activation potentiation during the countermovement jump.” The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 22, 6: 1850-54.

Eckerdal, Olof. 1991. “The petrotympanic fissure: a link connecting the tympanic cavity and the temporomandibular joint.” CRANIO 9, 1: 15-22.

Engelberth Sarah A. et al. 2018. “Progression of Self-Assembly of Amelogenin Protein Supramolecular Structures in Simulated Enamel Fluid.” Biomacromolecules. 19, 10: 3917-24. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac, 8b00808

Eriksson, P.O. et al. 2000. “Co-ordinated Mandibular and Head-Neck Movements during Rhythmic Jaw Activities in Man.” Journal of Dental research 79, 6: 1378-84.

Eriksson P. O., H. Zafar, e E. Nordh. 2009. “Concomitant mandibular and head-neck movementsduring jaw opening–closing in man. DOI: 10.1046/j, 1365-2842, 1998.00333. X

Esteve-Altava, Borja. 2017. “In search of morphological modules: a systematic review.” Biological Reviews 92, 3: 1332-47.

Evans, Alistair R., and Gordon D. Sanson. 2003. “The tooth of perfection: functional and spatial constraints on mammalian tooth shape.” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 78, 2: 173-91.

Evans, Alistair R., and Mikael Fortelius. 2008. “Three-dimensional reconstruction of tooth relationships during carnivoran chewing.” Palaeontologia Electronica 11, 2: 1-11.

Fang, Ping-An et al. 2011. “Hierarchical self-assembly of amelogenin and the regulation of biomineralization at the nanoscale.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, 34: 14097-102.

Fantner, Georg E. et al. 2005. “Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture.” Nature materials 4, 8: 612-16.

Fanucci, Ezio et al. 2008. “Bennett movement of mandible: a comparison between traditional methods and a 64-slices CT scanner.” ORAL & implantology 1, 1: 15.

Federici, E., and S. Centofanti. 1977. “Occlusion according to neuromuscular function.” Mondo odontostomatologico 19, 4: 8.

Farella Mauro et al. 2002. “The curve of spee and craniofacial morphology: A multiple regression analysis.” Eur J Oral Sci 110: 277-81.

Farias Gomes, Simone Guimarães et al. 2010. “Correlation of mastication and masticatory movements and effect of chewing side preference.” Brazilian dental journal 21, 4: 351-55.

Fasanella, Antonio, and Simona Colarusso. 2017. Co-authorship e reti di collaborazione: un caso di studio. Roma: Università La Sapienza.

Feldman, Esther, et al. 2015. “Mandibular changes secondary to serial extractions compared with late premolar extractions and controls.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 148, 4: 633-40.

Fernandes, Claudio Pinheiro, and Orlando Chevitarese. 1991. “The orientation and direction of rods in dental enamel.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 65, 6: 793-800.

Ferguson, Mark W.J. 1988. “Palate development.” Development 103, Supplement: 41-60.

Fidler, Brett C., et al. 1995. “Long-term stability of Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusions with successful occlusal results at end of active treatment.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 107, 3: 276-85.

Fincham, A. G., et al. 1995. “Evidence for amelogenin nanospheres as functional components of secretory-stage enamel matrix.” Journal of structural biology 115, 1: 50-59.

Fiorenza, Luca, et al. 2019. “Dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the Neanderthal mandible from Regourdou (Dordogne, Southwestern France).” Journal of human evolution 132: 174-88.

Fiorenza, L., et al. 2020. “Diet and cultural diversity in Neanderthals and modern humans from dental macrowear analyses.” In Dental Wear in Evolutionary and Biocultural Contexts, pp. 39-72. Academic Press.

Fish D., e F. Mendel. 1982. “Mandibular movement patterns relative to food types in common tree shrews (Tupaia glis).” American journal of physical anthropology 58, 3: 255-69.

Flower, Stanley S. 1925. “Contributions to our Knowledge of the Duration of Life in Vertebrate Animals. III. Reptiles.” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 95, 3. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Flower, Stanley S. “12. Contributions to our Knowledge of the Duration of Life in Vertebrate Animals. V. Mammals.” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 101, 1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Fortelius, Mikael. 1985. “Ungulate cheek teeth: developmental, functional, and evolutionary interrelations.” Acta Zoologica Fennica 180: 1-76.

Foglio-Bonda, P. L., et al. 2006. “Incisor and mandibular movement during retrusion.” Archives of oral biology 51, 7: 581-86.

Fricano, Ellen E. I. 2018. The primate ectotympanic tube: Correlates of structure, function, and development (Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University).

Fritz, Julia, et al. 2009. “Comparative chewing efficiency in mammalian herbivores.” Oikos 118, 11: 1623-32.

Fueki, Kenji, et al. 2013. “Association between occlusal curvature and masticatory movements with different test foods in human young adults with permanent dentitions.” Archives of oral biology 58, 6: 674-80.

Galis, F., et al. 2006. “Extreme selection in humans against homeotic transformations of cervical vertebrae.” Evolution 60: 2643-54.

Narita, Yuichi, and Shigeru Kuratani. 2005. “Evolution of the vertebral formulae in mammals: A perspective on developmental constraints.” Molecular and developmental evolution. DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21029

Galli, M., et al. 2018. “Assessment of Atlanto-Axial and Mandibular Rotation by Cone Beam Computed Tomography.” Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 29, 8: 2237-40.

Galton, Peter M. 1973. “The cheeks of ornithischian dinosaurs.” Lethaia 6, 1: 67-89.

Galway-Witham, Julia, and Chris Stringer. 2018. “How did Homo sapiens evolve?” Science 360, 6395: 1296-98.

Gangloff, Pierre, and Philippe P. Perrin. 2002. “Unilateral trigeminal anaesthesia modifies postural control in human subjects.” Neuroscience letters 330, 2: 179-82.

Gans, Carl, Fritz de Vree, and Gerard C. Gorniak. 1978. “Analysis of mammalian masticatory mechanisms: progress and problems.” Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 7, 3: 226-44.

Gao, Xianhua, et al. 2016. “Micro-CT evaluation of apical delta morphologies in human teeth.” Scientific reports 6: 36501.

García-Castellano, José M., Pilar Díaz-Herrera, and José A. Morcuende. 2000. “Is bone a target-tissue for the nervous system?: New advances on the understanding of their interactions.” The Iowa orthopaedic journal 20: 49.

Gaspard, M. 1979. “L’appareil manducateur et la manducation. Première partie: anatomie descriptive, ontogénèse et phylogénèse de la mandibule humaine.”

Paris: Julien Prélatédit.

Ge, J., et al. 2005. “Property variations in the prism and the organic sheath within enamel by nanoindentation.” Biomaterials 26, 16: 3333-39.

German, Rebecca Z., and Jeffrey B. Palmer. 2006. “Anatomy and development of oral cavity and pharynx.” GI Motility online.

Gerstner, Geoffrey, Shashi Madhavan, and Elizabeth Crane. 2011. “Mammalian oral rhythms and motor control.” Biomechanics in applications.

Gilbert, Richard J., et al. 2007. “Anatomical basis of lingual hydrostatic deformation.” Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 23: 4069-82.

Ghodrati, Maryam, et al. 2020. “Adding Temporomandibular joint treatments to routine physiotherapy for patients with non-specific chronic neck pain: A randomized clinical study.” Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 24, 2: 202-12.

Goel, Atul, et al. 2011. “Comparative quantitative analysis of osseous anatomy of the craniovertebral junction of tiger, horse, deer, and humans.” Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 2, 1: 32.

Goldberg, Michel, et al. 2014. “Comparative studies between mice molars and incisors are required to draw an overview of enamel structural complexity.” Frontiers in physiology 5: 359.

Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, et al. 2007. “Metric and morphological study of the upper cervical spine from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain).” Journal of Human Evolution 53, 1: 6-25.

Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, et al. 2013. The Neandertal vertebral column 1: The cervical spine. Journal of Human Evolution 64, 6: 608-30.

Gotthard Karl, and Sören Nylin. 1995. “Adaptive plasticity and plasticity as an adaptation: A selective review of plasticity in animal morphology and life history.” Oikos 74: 3-17.

Gould, Stephen Jay, and Elisabeth S. Vrba. 1982. “Exaptation—a missing term in the science of form.” Paleobiology 8, 1: 4-15.

Gould, Stephen Jay. 2002. I have landed. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Goulet, R. W., et al. 1994. “The relationship between the structural and orthogonal compressive properties of trabecular bone.” Journal of biomechanics 27, 4: 375-89.

Gow, Barry S. 1980. “Circulatory correlates: vascular impedance, resistance, and capacity.” Comprehensive Physiology.

Granat, Jean, Roland Benoît, and Évelyne Peyre. 2008. “La canine. Première partie: Définition et évolution durant l’Ère secondaire.” Actualités Odonto-Stomatologiques 244: 309-16.

Grässel, Susanne. 2014. “The role of peripheral nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in cartilage and bone physiology and pathophysiology.” Arthritis research & therapy 16, 6: 1-13.

Greet, De Gueldre, and Frits De Vree. 1984. “Movements of the mandibles and tongue during mastication and swallowing in Pteropus giganteus (Megachiroptera): a cineradiographical study.” Journal of morphology 179, 1: 95-114.

Gregersen, Gary G., and Donald B. Lucas. 1967. “An in vivo study of the axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine.” JBJS 49, 2: 247-62.

Grieznis, Linards, Peteris Apse, and Leons Blumfelds. 2010. “Passive tactile sensibility of teeth and osseointegrated dental implants in the maxilla.” Stomatologija 12, 3: 80-86.

Gross M.D. 2008. “Occlusion in implant dentistry. A review of the literature of prosthetic determinants and current concepts.” Aust Dent J 53(Suppl 1): S60-8.

Grossnickle, David M. 2017. “The evolutionary origin of jaw yaw in mammals.” Scientific reports 7: 45094.

Guichard, Pascal, Bertrand Mafart, and Jean Daniel Orthlieb. 2001. “Comparison of occlusion in medieval and present-day populations in southeast France.” American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 120, 6: 585-87.

Guy, Franck, et al. 2015. “To what extent is primate second molar enamel occlusal morphology shaped by the enamel-dentine junction?” PLoS One 10, 9: e0138802.

Gysi A. 1930. Handbuch der zahnheilkunde. München: Verlag von J.F.Bergmann.

Haggard, Patrick, and Lieke de Boer. 2014. “Oral somatosensory awareness.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 47: 469-84.

Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, and P-O. Eriksson. 2004. “Head movements during chewing: relation to size and texture of bolus.” Journal of dental research 83, 11: 864-68.

Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, et al. 2006. “Head immobilization can impair jaw function.” Journal of dental research 85, 11: 1001-05.

Hakkinen, Teemu J., et al. 2019. “Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth.” Biorxiv: 525162.

Haider, Haula. 2015. “Management of Tinnitus Patients.” Journal of Hearing Science 5, 4.

Hannam, Alan G., et al. 2008. “A dynamic model of jaw and hyoid biomechanics during chewing.” Journal of Biomechanics 41, 5: 1069-76.

Han, Jian, et al. 2017. “Meiofaunal deuterostomes from the basal cambrian of shaanxi (China).” Sonaw Nature 542, 7640: 228.

Hanau, Rudolph L. 1926. “Articulation defined, analyzed and formulated.” Journal of the american dental association 13, 12: 1694-1709.

Hansson, Stig, and Snders Halldin. 2012. “Alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction: a consequence of a fundamental principle of bone physiology.” Journal of dental biomechanics 3.

Harcourt-Smith, William He. “The first hominins and the origins of bipedalism.” Evolution: education and outreach 3, 3: 333.

Harris, Carrie K., Justin P. Broussard, and Jerry K. Keska. 2002. “Determination of wear in a tribosystem.” Proceedings of the asee gulf-south western annual conference.

Hartstone‐Rose, Adam, Jonathan MG Perry, and Caroline J. Morrow. 2012. “Bite force estimation and the fiber architecture of felid masticatory muscles.” The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 295, 8: 1336-51.

Harvey, Paul H., and Mark D. Pagel. 1992. “Scaling of brain mass on body mass.” Neuroscience Year-Supplement 2: 139-41.

Hasegawa Y1, et al. 2011. “Influence of voluntary control of masticatory side and rhythm on cerebral hemodynamics.” Clin Oral Investig. 15, 1: 113-18.

Hashimoto T., Ojiri H., and Y. Kaway. 2011. “The foramen of Huschke: age and gender specific features after childhood.” Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40, 7: 743-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom, 2011.03.017

He, Tailun, et al. 2004a. “Craniofacial morphology and growth in the ferret: effects from alteration of masticatory function.” Swedish dental journal. Supplement 165: 1-72.

He, Tailun, et al. 2004b. “Functional influence of masticatory muscles on the fibre characteristics and capillary distribution in growing ferrets (mustela putonusfuro) — a histochemical analysis.” Archives of oral biology 49, 12: 983-89.

He, Tailun, et al. 2004c. “Functional influence of masticatory muscles on the fibre characteristics and capillary distribution in growing ferrets (mustela putorius furo) —a istochemical analysis.” Arch oral biol 49: 983989.

He, Li Hong, and Michael V. Swain. 2007. “Contact induced deformation of enamel.” Applied physics letters 90, 17: 171916.

He, Li Hong, and Michael V. Swain. 2008. “Understanding the mechanical behaviour of human enamel from its structural and compositional characteristics.” Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 1, 1: 18-29.

He, Li Hong, and Michael V. Swain. 2009. “Nanoindentation creep behavior of human enamel.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 91, 2: 352-59.

Heffner, Mollie A., Damian C. Genetos, and Blaine A. Christiansen. 2017. “Bone adaptation to mechanical loading in a mouse model of reduced peripheral sensory nerve function.” PloS one 12, 10: e0187354.

Heffner, Henry E., and Rickye S. Heffner. 2018. “The evolution of mammalian hearing.” AIP Conference Proceedings. 1. AIP Publishing LLC.

Herring, Susan W., and T.C. Lakars. 1982. “Craniofacial development in the absence of muscle.” Journal of craniofacial genetics and development biology. 1, 4: 341-57.

Herring, Susan W. 1993. “Functional morphology of mammalian mastication.” American zoologist 33, 3: 289-99.

Herring, Susan W., et al. 1996. “Patterns of bone strain in the zygomatic arch.” The Anatomical Record: An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists 246, 4: 446-57.

Herring, Susan W., and Shengyi Teng. 2000. “Strain in the braincase and its sutures during function.” American journal of physical anthropology: the official publication of the american association of physical anthropologists 112, 4: 575-93.

Herring, Susan W., et al. 2001. “Jaw muscles and the skull in mammals: the biomechanics of mastication.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 131, 1: 207-19.

Herring, Susan W., and Z.J. Liu. 2001. “Loading of the temporomandibular joint: anatomical and in vivo evidence from the bones.” Cells tissues organs 169: 193-200.

Herring, Susan W. 2003. “Tmj anatomy and animal models.” J musculoskel neuron interact 3: 391-94.

Herring, Susan W. 2007. “Masticatory muscles and the skull: a comparative perspective.” Archives of oral biology 52, 4: 296-99.

Herzberg, Fred, and Richard Holic. 1943. “An anthropologic study of face height.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery 29, 2: 90-100.

Hiiemae K.M. 1968. “A cinefluorographic study of mandibular movement during feeding in the rat (rattus norvegicus).” J zoo1 lond 1154: 139-54.

Hiiemae K.M. 1978. “Mammalian mastication: a review of the activity of the jaw muscles and the movements they produce in chewing.” Development, function and evolution of teeth: 359-98.

Hiiemae, Karen. 1984. “Functional aspects of primate jaw morphology. Food acquisition and processing in primates”. Springer us. 257-81.

Hiiemae, Karen, and Alfred W. Crompton. 1985. “Mastication, food transport and swallowing.” Functional vertebrate morphology. 262-90.

Hiiemae, Karen, and Jeffrey B. Palmer. 2003. “Tongue movements in feeding and speech.” Critical reviews in oral biology & medicine 14, 6: 413-29.

Hiiemae, Karen. 1984. “Functional aspects of primate jaw morphology.” In Food acquisition and processing in primates, pp. 257-281. Boston: Springer.

Hildebrand, Milton, George E. Goslow, and Viola Hildebrand. 1995. Analysis of vertebrate structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hinton, Robert J. 1981. “Changes in articular eminence morphology with dental function.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 54, 4: 439-55.

Hogervorst, Tom, Heinse W. Bouma, and John De Vos. 2009. “Evolution of the hip and pelvis.” Acta orthopaedica 80, Sup. 336: 1-39.

Hopson, James A., and James W. Kitching. 2001. “A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts.” Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156, 1: 5-35.

Hopson, James A., and James W. Kitching. 1972. “A revised classification of cynodonts (Reptilia; Therapsida).” Palaeontologia Africana 14: 71-85.

Hosoda, Masataka, et al. 2007. “Effect of occlusion status on the time required for initiation of recovery in response to external disturbances in the standing position.” Clinical Biomechanics 22, 3 (2007): 369-373.

Huang, Xiaofeng, et al. 2009. “Fate of hers during tooth root development.” Developmental Biology 334, 1: 22-30.

Hunt Jr, Edward E. 1961. “Malocclusion and civilization.” American Journal of Orthodontics 47, 6: 406-22.

Humphrey T. 1968. “The development of mouth opening and related reflexes involving the oral area of human fetuses.” Ala J Med Sci 5, 2: 126-57.

Hylander, William L. 1975. “The human mandible: lever or link?” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 43, 2: 227-42.

Hylander, William L. 1979a. “The functional significance of primate mandibular form.” Journal of Morphology 160, 2: 223-39.

Hylander, William L. 1979b. “Mandibular function in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis: an in vivo approach to stress analysis of the mandible.” Journal of Morphology 159, 2: 253-96.

Hylander, William L. 1979c. “An experimental analysis of temporomandibular joint reaction force in macaques.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 51, 3: 433-56.

Hylander, William L., and A.W. Crompton. 1980. “Loading patterns and jaw movement during the masticatory power stroke in macacques.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 52: 239-39.

Hylander, William L. 1980. “Functional anatomy.” In Sarnat B.G., Laskin D.M. (eds), The temporomandibular joint: a biological basis for clinical practice, pp. 85-113. Springfield: Thomas.

Hylander, William L. 1984. “Stress and strain in the mandibular symphysis of primates: a test of competing hypotheses.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64, 1: 1-46.

Hylander, William L. 1985. “Mandibular function and biomechanical stress and scaling.” American Zoologist 25: 315-30.

Hylander, William L., and A.W. Crompton. 1986. “Jaw movements and patterns of mandibular bone strain during mastication in the monkey macaca fascicularis.” Archives of oral biology 31, 12: 841-48.

Hylander, William L. 1992. “Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint.” In Sarnat B.G., Laskin D.M. (eds), The temporomandibular joint: a biological basis for clinical practice, pp. 60-92. Philadelphia: Saunders.

Hylander, William L., Johnson K.R., and A.W. Crompton. 1992. “Muscle force recruitment and biomechanical modeling: an analysis of masseter muscle function during mastication in macaca fascicularis.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 88: 365-87.

Hylander, William L., and K.R. Johnson. 1994. “Jaw muscle function and wishboning of the mandible during mastication in macaques and baboons.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94: 523-47.

Hylander, William L. 2006. “Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the masticatory apparatus.” In Temporomandibular disorders: an evidenced approach to diagnosis and treatment. New York: Quintessence Pub.

Hylander, William L. 2013. “Functional links between canine height and jaw gape in catarrhines with special reference to early hominins.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 150, 2: 247-59.

Ichim, I., M. V. Swain, and J. A. Kieser. 2006. “Mandibular stiffness in humans: numerical predictions.” Journal of Biomechanics 39, 10: 1903-13.

Igarashi, N., et al. 2000. “Head movements and neck muscle activities associated with the jaw movement during mastication in the rabbit authors.” Brain research 871, 1: 151-55.

Ingawalé, Shirish M., and Tarun Goswami. “Biomechanics of the temporomandibular.” In Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics. DOI: 10.5772/33702

Ingber, Donald E., Ning Wang, and Dimitrije Stamenović. 2014. “Tensegrity, cellular biophysics, and the mechanics of living systems.” Reports on Progress in Physics 77, 4: 046603.

Inoue, T. 2015. “Neural mechanisms of mastication.” Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo 67, 2: 141-56.

Iordansky, N. N. 2010. “Pterygoideus muscles and other jaw adductors in amphibians and reptiles.” Biology bulletin 37, 9: 905-14.

Irish, Joel D., and G. Richard Scott. 2015. A companion to dental anthropology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Isberg, Annika, et al. 1986. “Hyperplastic soft-tissue formation in the temporomandibular joint associated with internal derangement: a radiographic and histologic study.” Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology 61, 1: 32-38.

Ishiyama, M. 1987. “Enamel structure in odontocete whales.” Scanning microscopy 1, 3: 1071-79.

Ito, H., et al. 1995. “Studies on the development of the articular part of the temporal bone with special reference to the postglenoid process.” The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 36, 3: 145-58.

Ito, H., et al. 1997. “A clinical study of the relationship between occlusal curvature and craniomandibular disorders.” Int J Prosthodont 10: 78-82.

Ivanovski, S., et al. 2006. “Stem cells in the periodontal ligament.” Oral diseases 12, 4: 358-63.

Iwasaki, Shin‐Ichi. 2002. “Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue.” Journal of anatomy 201, 1: 1-13.

Izzo, R., et al. 2013. “Biomechanics of the spine. Part I: spinal stability.” European journal of radiology 82, 1: 118-26.

Jacob, F. 1977. “Evolution and tinkering”. Science 196: 1161-66.

Jacobson, Alex. 1986. “Relationship of the muscles of mastication to the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint.” Odont. Acta from Schweizerische Monatsschrift für Zahnmedizin 96: 815-23, 1986; American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 90, 6: 522.

Janssen, Michiel M.A., et al. 2010. “Pre-existent vertebral rotation in the human spine is influenced by body position.” European Spine Journal 19, 10: 1728-34.

Jeng, Yeau-Ren, et al. 2011. “Human enamel rod presents anisotropic nanotribological properties.” Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 4, 4: 515-22.

Jenkins, Farish A. 1969. “The evolution and development of the dens of the mammalian axis.” The Anatomical Record 164, 2: 173-84.

Jennings, J. S., and N. H. Macmillan. 1986. “A tough nut to crack.” Journal of materials science 21, 5: 1517-24.

Jernvall, Jukka, et al. 2002. “Evidence for the role of the enamel knot as a control center in mammalian tooth cusp formation: non-dividing cells express growth stimulating Fgf-4 gene.” International Journal of Developmental Biology 38, 3: 463-69.

Jia, Yunfei, et al. 2014. “Finite element analysis of the cyclic indentation of bilayer enamel.” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, 17: 175401.

Jiang, Y., I. R. Spears, and G. A. Macho. 2003. “An investigation into fractured surfaces of enamel of modern human teeth: a combined SEM and computer visualisation study.” Archives of oral biology 48, 6: 449-57.

Johanson, Donald, and Maitland Armstrong Edey. 1990. Lucy: The beginnings of humankind. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Johnsen, Skjalg E., and Mats Trulsson. 2003. “Receptive field properties of human periodontal afferents responding to loading of premolar and molar teeth.” Journal of neurophysiology 89, 3: 1478-87.

Johnsen, Skjalg E., and Mats Trulsson. 2005. “Encoding of amplitude and rate of tooth loads by human periodontal afferents from premolar and molar teeth.” Journal of neurophysiology 93, 4: 1889-97.

Jones, David, et al. 2012. “The sharpest tools in the box? Quantitative analysis of conodont element functional morphology.” Proc. R. Sojc. 279, 1739: 2849-54.

Jones, Henry H., et al. 1977. “Humeral hypertrophy in response to exercise.” J Bone Joint Surg Am 59, 2: 204-08.

Jones, S. J. 1981. “Dental Tissues.” In J.W. Osborn (ed.). Dental Anatomy and Embryology, pp. 66-209.

Isono, S., et al. 2004. “Influences of head positions and bite opening on collapsibility of the passive pharynx.” Journal of Applied Physiology 97, 1: 339-46.

Julià-Sánchez, Sonia, et al. 2015. “Dental Occlusion Influences the Standing Balance on an Unstable Platform.” Motor Control 19, 4: 341-54.

Julià-Sánchez, Sonia, et al. 2016. “The influence of dental occlusion on the body balance in unstable platform increases after high intensity exercise.” Neuroscience letters 617: 116-21.

Julià-Sánchez, Sonia, et al. 2019. “Dental occlusion and body balance: A question of environmental constraints?” Journal of oral rehabilitation 46, 4: 388-97.

Izzo, Roberto, et al. 2013. “Biomechanics of the spine. Part I: spinal stability.” European journal of radiology 82, 1: 118-26.

Jugessur, A., P. G. Farlie, and N. Kilpatrick. 2009. “The genetics of isolated orofacial clefts: from genotypes to subphenotypes.” Oral diseases 15, 7: 437-53.

Kaidonis, John A. 2008. “Tooth wear: the view of the anthropologist.” Clinical oral investigations 12, 1: 21-26.

Kaifu, Yousuke. 1996. “Edge-to-edge bite and tooth wear.” Bull Natn Sci Mus Tokyo D 22: 45-54.

Kaifu, Yousuke. 1999. “Changes in the pattern wear from prehistoric to recent periods in Japan.” Am J Phys Anthropol 109, 4: 485-99.

Kaifu, Yousuke, et al. 2003. “Tooth wear and the ‘design’ of the human dentition: a perspective from evolutionary medicine.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 122, S37: 47-61.

Karani Jyoti, et al. 2018. “Comparative evaluation of the depth of curve of Spee between individuals with normal dentition and individuals with occlusal wear using conventional and digital software analysis techniques: An in vivo study.” J Indian Prosthodont Soc 18: 61-67.

Kardong, Kenneth V. 1995. Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. McGraw-Hill.

Katona, Thomas R. 2009. “An engineering analysis of dental occlusion principles.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 135, 6: 696-e1.

Katsavrias, Elias G. 2002. “Changes in articular eminence inclination during the craniofacial growth period.” The Angle Orthodontist 72, 3: 258-64.

Katsavrias, Elias G., and J. M. H. Dibbets. 2002. “The postglenoid tubercle: prevalence and growth.” Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 184, 2: 185-88.

Kaul, Samvit S., and Robert S. Corruccini. 1984. “The epidemiological transition in dental occlusion in a North Indian population.” The People of South Asia, pp. 201-216. Boston: Springer.

Kay, Richard F., and Karen M. Hiiemae. 1974. “Jaw movement and tooth use in recent and fossil primates.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 40: 227-56.

Kay, Richard F. 1981. “The nut-crackers: a new theory of the adaptation of the Ramapithecine.” American Juornal of Physical Anthropology 55: 141-51.

Kelley, Jay, Peter Andrews, and Berna Alpagut. 2008. “A new hominoid species from the middle Miocene site of Paşalar, Turkey.” Journal of Human Evolution 54, 4: 455-79.

Kemp, Anne. “Hyaline tissue of termally unaltered conodont elements and the enamel of vertebrates.” Alcheringa 26, 1: 23-36.

Kemp, T.S. 1982. Mammal-like reptiles and the origin of mammals. New York: Academic Press.

Kemp, T.S. 2005. The origin and evolution of mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kemp, T.S. 2006. “The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure.” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147, 4: 473-88.

Kermack, K. A. 1972. “Evolution of Mammalian Dental Structures: The Origin of Mammals and the Evolution of the Temporomandibular Joint.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 65, 4: 389-92.

Kieser, J. A. 1997. “Basicranial flexion, facial reduction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.” Medical hypotheses 49, 5: 409-11.

Kikuchi M., Korioth T.W.P., and Hannam A.G. 1997. “The association amongocclusal contacts, clenching effort and bite force distribution in man.” J Dent Res 76: 1316-22.

Kiliaridis, Stavros, C. Engström, and Birgit Thilander. 1988. “Histochemical analysis of masticatory muscle in the growing rat after prolonged alteration in the consistency of the diet.” Archives of Oral Biology 33, 3: 187-93.

Kiliaridis, Stavros. 1995. “Masticatory muscle influence on craniofacial growth.” Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 53, 3: 196-202.

Kiliaridis, Stavros, et al. 1996. “Effects of masticatory muscle function on bone mass in the mandible of the growing rat.” Acta Anat 155: 200-05.

Kim, S. K., et al. 2001. “A study of the effects of chewing patterns on occlusal wear.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 28, 11: 1048-55.

Kim Y., et al. 2005. “Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: Clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale.” Clin Oral Implants Res 16: 26-35.

Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002. “Bluefish, Family Pomatomidae.” In Bigelow and Schroeder's fishes of the Gulf of Maine, pp. 400-06. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Kimbel, William H., et al. 1986. “On the phylogenetic analysis of early hominids.” 361-65.

Kinzey, Warren G. 1971. “Evolution of the Human Canine Tooth 1.” American Anthropologist 73, 3: 680-94.

Klemetti, Esa. 1996. “A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 75, 5: 512-14.

Klineberg, I., and G. Murray. 1999. “Osseoperception: sensory function and proprioception.” Advances in dental research 13, 1: 120-29.

Kodaka, Tetsuo, Masayuki A.B.E., and Shohei Higashi. 1996. “Alternative appearance of spiral prisms in the gnarled enamel of human teeth.” The Journal of Showa University Dental Society 16, 1: 1-3.

Koebke, Jürgen. 1979. “Morphological and functional studies on the odontoid process of the human axis.” Anatomy and embryology 155, 2: 197-208.

Koenigswald, W. von. 1982. “Enamel structure in the molars of Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia), a key to functional morphology and phylogeny.” Teeth: Form, Function, and Evolution. 109-122.

Koenigswald, Wighert V., and W. A. Clemens. 1992. “Levels of complexity in the microstructure of mammalian enamel and their application in studies of systematics.” Scanning microscopy 6, 1: 195-217.

Koenigswald, Wighart V. 2020. “Evolutionary trends in the differentiation of mammalian enamel ultrastructure.” In Tooth Enamel Microstructure: Proceedings of the enamel microstructure workshop, University of Bonn, Andernach, Rhine, 24-28 July 1994. CRC Press.

Koenigswald, Wighart V., and P. Martin Sander. 2020. “Schmelzmuster differentiation in leading and trailing edges, a specific biomechanical adaptation in rodents.” In Tooth Enamel Microstructure: Proceedings of the enamel microstructure workshop, University of Bonn, Andernach, Rhine, 24-28 July 1994. CRC Press.

Kohno, S., et al. 2001a. “Functional‐rhythmical coupling of head and mandibular movements.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 28, 2: 161-67.

Kohno, S., et al. 2001b. “Rotational head motion concurrent to rhythmical mandibular opening movements.” Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 28, 8: 740-47.

Koldehoff, Jasmin, Michael V. Swain, and Gerold A. Schneider. 2020. “The geometrical structure of interfaces in dental enamel: A FIB-STEM investigation.” Acta biomaterialia 104: 17-27.

Kolta, A., K-G. Westberg, and J. P. Lund. 2000. “Identification of brainstem interneurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus and adjacent structures in the rabbit.” Journal of chemical neuroanatomy 19, 3: 175-95.

Kono, Reiko T., and Gen Suwa. 2008. “Enamel distribution patterns of extant human and hominoid molars: occlusal versus lateral enamel thickness.” Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. D 34: 1-9.

Kondo K., Niino M., and K. Shido. 1995. “A case-control study of Alzheimer’s disease in Japan: significance of life-styles.” Dementia 5, 6: 314-26.

Koolstra, J. H., and T. M. G. J. Van Eijden. 1996. “Influence of the dynamical properties of the human masticatory muscles on jaw closing movements.” Eur J Morphol 34: 11-18.

Koolstra, J. H., and T. M. G. J. Van Eijden. 1997. “Dynamics of the human masticatory muscles during a jaw open-close movement.” Journal of Biomechanics 30, 9: 883-89.

Koolstra, J. H., and T. M. G. J. Van Eijden. 1999. “Three-dimensional dynamical capabilities of the human masticatory muscles.” J Biomech 32: 145-52.

Kopp S. 1978. “Topographical distribution of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the surface layers of the human temporomandibular joint. A histochemical study of an autopsy material.” J Oral Pathol 7: 283-94.

Kopp S. 1976. “Topographical distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in human temporomandibular joint disks. A histochemical study of an autopsy material.” J Oral Pathol 5: 265-76.

Korioth T.W.P. 1997. “Simulated physics of the human mandible.” In McNeill C. (ed). Science and Practice of Occlusion, pp. 179-86. Chicago: Quintessence.

Kumar, K.P. Senthil, and S. Tamizharasi. 2012. “Significance of curve of Spee: An orthodontic review.” Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences 4. Suppl 2: S323.

Kupczik, Kornelius Florian. 2004. Tooth root morphology in primates and carnivores. Diss. UCL (University College London).

Knight-Sadler, Jordan, and Luca Fiorenza. 2017. “Tooth wear inclination in great ape molars.” Folia Primatologica 88, 2: 223-36.

Krahl H., et al. 1994. “Stimulation of bone growth through sports. A radiologic investigation of the upper extremities in professional tennis players.” Am J Sports Med 22, 6: 751-57.

Kranjčić, Josip, et al. 2012. “Differences in articular-eminence inclination between medieval and contemporary human populations.” Archives of oral biology 57, 8: 1147-52.

Kumagai, H., et al. 1999. “Occlusal force distribution on the dental arch during various levels of clenching.” Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 26, 12: 932-35.

Kuratani, S. 2005. “Craniofacial development and the evolution of the vertebrates: the old problems on a new background.” Zoological science 22, 1: 1-19.

Langenbach, Geerling E.J., and Theo M.G.J. van Eijden. 2001. “Mammalian feeding motor patterns.” American Zoologist 41, 6: 1338-51.

Lianjia, Y. A. N. G., W. A. N. G. Huiyun, and W. A. N. G. Meiqing. 1992. “Development Of Collagen Fibers And Vasculature of the Fetal TMJ.” Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 69, 4: 145-55.

Lanyon L.E. 1987. “Functional strain in bone tissue as an objective, and controlling stimulus for adaptive bone remodeling.” Journal of Biomechanics 20, 11-12: 1083-93.

Laplanche, Olivier, et al. 2010. “Evolution of the incisal relationship in a Central European population (1870/1970).” International journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine 3, 1: 2-9.

Larsen, Clark Spencer. 2002. “Post-Pleistocene human evolution: bioarchaeology of the agricultural transition.” In Human diet: its origin and evolution, pp. 19-36. Westport: Bergin and Garvey.

Lautenschlager, S.P., et al. 2016. “Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex: Mammalian jaw muscle evolution.” Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 92, 4. DOI: 10.1111/brv.12314

Lavelle, C.L.B. 1973. “Variation in the secular changes in the teeth and dental arches.” The Angle Orthodontist 43, 4: 412-21.

Lavelle, C.L.B., et al. 1994. “The serrated teeth of Sebecus and the Iberoccitanian crocodile, a morphological and ultrastructural comparison.” Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 29: 127-44.

Lawn, Brian R., James J-W. Lee, and Herzl Chai. 2010. “Teeth: among nature's most durable biocomposites.” Annual Review of Materials Research 40: 55-75.

LeBlanc, Aaron RH, et al. 2020. “Unique tooth morphology and prismatic enamel in Late Cretaceous sphenodontians from Argentina.” Current Biology 30: 1755-61.

Le Douarin, Nicole M. 2004. “The avian embryo as a model to study the development of the neural crest: a long and still ongoing story.” Mechanisms of development 121, 9: 1089-102.

Le Huec, J. C., et al. 2011. “Equilibrium of the human body and the gravity line: the basics.” European Spine Journal 20, 5: 558.

Lesot, Hervé, et al. 1982. “Immunofluorescent localization of vimentin, prekeratin and actin during odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation.” Differentiation 21, 1‐3: 133-37.

Ledogar, Justin A., et al. 2016. “Human feeding biomechanics: performance, variation,

and functional constraints.” Peer J. e2242.

Lee, Won-You, Jeffrey P. Okeson, and John Lindroth. 1995. “The relationship between forward head posture and temporomandibular disorders.” Journal of orofacial pain 9, 2: 161-67.

Lee, T. C., and D. Taylor. 1999. “Bone remodelling: Should we cry wolff?” Irish journal of medical science 168, 2: 102.

Lee, James J-W., et al. 2010. “Properties of tooth enamel in great apes.” Acta Biomaterialia 6, 12: 4560-65.

Le Gall, Marcel G., Jean-François Lauret. 2002. Occlusion et function: une approche clinique rationnelle. Éditions CdP.

Lester, K. S. 1989. “Crystallite orientation discontinuities and the evolution of mammalian enamel--or, when is a prism?.” Scanning microscopy 3, 2: 645-62.

Levartovsky, S., et al. 2015. “The association between dental wear and reduced vertical dimension of the face: a morphologic study on human skulls.” Archives of oral biology 60, 1: 174-80.

Lewin, Arthur, and Guido Ramadori. 1985. Electrognathographics: atlas of diagnostic procedures and interpretation. Berlin: Quintessence.

Lieberman, Daniel E., Brandeis M. McBratney, and Gail Krovitz. 2002. “The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo sapiens.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 3: 1134-39.

Lieberman, Daniel E., et al. 2004. “Effects of food processing on masticatory strain and craniofacial growth in a retrognathic face.” Journal of human evolution 46, 6: 655-77.

Lieberman, Daniel E. 2011. The evolution of the human head. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Lieberman, Daniel E. 2014. The story of the human body: evolution, health, and disease. New York: Vintage.

Liem, Karel F., et al. 2001. Functional anatomy of the vertebrates: an evolutionary perspective. Cengage Learning.

Limme, Michel. 2002. “Conduites alimentaires et croissance des arcades dentaires.” Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 36, 3: 289-309.

Line, Sergio Roberto Peres, and Pedro Duarte Novaes. 2017. “The development and evolution of mammalian enamel: structural and functional aspects.” Journal of Morphological Sciences 22, 2: 67-72.

Loch, Carolina, et al. 2014. “Elemental and chemical characterization of dolphin enamel and dentine using X-ray and Raman microanalyzes (Cetacea: Delphinoidea and Inioidea).” Journal of structural biology 185, 1: 58-68.

Loch, Carolina, Jules A. Kieser, and R. Ewan Fordyce. 2015. “Enamel ultrastructure in fossil cetaceans (Cetacea: Archaeoceti and Odontoceti).” PloS one 10, 1: e0116557.

Lockwood, Charles A., John M. Lynch, and William H. Kimbel. 2002. “Quantifying temporal bone morphology of great apes and humans: an approach using geometric morphometrics.” Journal of Anatomy 201, 6: 447-64.

Lombardi, A. Vincent. 1982. “The adaptive value of dental crowding: a consideration of the biologic basis of malocclusion.” American journal of orthodontics 81, 1: 38-42.

Lorenzon G. 2010. Implantologia funzionale. Martina.

Lovejoy, C. Owen. 2005. “The natural history of human gait and posture: Part 1. Spine and pelvis.” Gait & posture 21, 1: 95-112.

Loughner, Barry A., Lynn H. Larkin, and Parker E. Mahan. 1989. “Discomalleolar and anterior malleolar ligaments: possible causes of middle ear damage during temporomandibular joint surgery.” Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology 68, 1: 14-22.

Luan, Xianghong, Yoshihiro Ito, and Thomas G.H. Diekwisch. 2006. “Evolution and development of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.” Developmental dynamics: an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 235, 5: 1167-80.

Luan, X., et al. 2009. “The mosasaur tooth attachment apparatus as paradigm for the evolution of the gnathostome periodontium.” Evolution & development 11, 3: 247-59.

Lucas, Peter W. 1979. The dental-dietary adaptations of mammals. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte.

Lucas, Peter W. 1982. “Basic principles of tooth design.” In Kurtén B. (ed). Teeth: Form, Function And Evolution. Newyork: Columbia University-Press.

Lucas, Peter W., et al. 1991. “The ecology of Mezzettia leptopoda (Hk. f. et Thoms.) Oliv. (Annonaceae) seeds as viewed from a mechanical perspective.” Functional Ecology. 545-53.

Lucas, Peter W., et al. 1995. “The toughness of plant cell walls.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 348, 1325: 363-72.

Lucas, Peter W. 2004. “Dental functional morphology: how teeth work.” Cambridge University Press.

Lucas, Peter W., P. Constantino, B. Wood, and B. Lawn. 2008. “Dental enamel as a dietary indicator in mammals.” BioEssays 30, 4: 374-85.

Lucas, Peter W., et al. 2013. “Mechanisms and causes of wear in tooth enamel: implications for hominin diets.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10, 80: 20120923.

Lucas, Peter W. 2015. “The Masticatory System and Its Function.” In Irish, Joel D., and G. Richard Scott. A companion to dental anthropology. John Wiley & Sons.

Luddleston A.L., et al. 1980. “Bone Mass in Lifetime Tennis Athletes” JAMA. 244, 10: 1107-09.

Luke, D. A., and Peter W. Lucas. 1983. “The significance of cusps.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 10, 3: 197-206.

Lumsden, A. G. S., and MA J. W. Osborn. 1977. “The evolution of chewing: a dentist’ s view of palaeontology.” Journal of Dentistry 5, 4: 269-87.

Lumsden, A. G. S., and James M. Morris. 1968. “An in vivo study of axial rotation and immobilization at the lumbosacral joint.” JBJS 50, 8: 1591-602.

Lund, James P., and Arlette Kolta. 2006. “Generation of the central masticatory pattern and its modification by sensory feedback.” Dysphagia 21, 3: 167-74.

Luo, Zhe-Xi, Z. O. F. I. A. Kielan-Jaworowska, and Richard L. Cifelli. 2004. “Evolution of dental replacement in mammals.” Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 159-175.

Luschei, Erich S., and G. M. Goodwin. 1974. “Patterns of mandibular movement and jaw muscle activity during mastication in the monkey.” Journal of Neurophysiology 37, 5: 954-66.

Lynch, Christopher Daniel, et al. 2011. “Hunter–Schreger band patterns and their implications for clinical dentistry.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 38, 5: 359-65.

Maas, Mary Carol, and Elizabeth R. Dumont. 1999. “Built to last: the structure, function, and evolution of primate dental enamel.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews: Issues, News, and Reviews 8, 4: 133-52.

Macho, Gabriele A., Yong Jiang, and Iain R. Spears. 2003. “Enamel microstructure—a truly three-dimensional structure.” Journal of Human Evolution 45, 1: 81-90.

Mack P.J. 1984. “A functional explanation for the morphology of the temporomandibular joint of man.” J Dent 12: 225-30.

Maier, W., J. Van den Heever, and F. Durand. 1996. “New therapsid specimens and the origin of the secondary hard and soft palate of mammals.” Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 34, 1: 9-19.

Maier, Wolfgang, and Irina Ruf. “Evolution of the mammalian middle ear: a historical review.” Journal of anatomy 228, 2: 270-83.

Mammoto, Tadanori, Akiko Mammoto, and Donald E. Ingber. 2013. “Mechanobiology and developmental control.” Annual review of cell and developmental biology 29: 27-61.

Mancuso, Stefano, and Alessandra Viola. 2013. Verde brillante: Sensibilità e intelligenza del mondo vegetale. Giunti.

Manfreda, E., Mitteroecker, P., Bookstein, F. L., & Schaefer, K. 2006. “Functional morphology of the first cervical vertebra in humans and nonhuman primates.” Anat Rec B New Anat 289, 5: 184-94.

Manns, Arturo, Clifford Chan, and Rodolfo Miralles. 1987. “Influence of group function and canine guidance on electromyographic activity of elevator muscles.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 57, 4: 494-501.

Manzi, Giorgio. 2006. Homo sapiens. Breve storia naturale della nostra specie. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Manzi, Giorgio. 2007. L’evoluzione umana: ominidi e uomini prima di Homo sapiens. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Manzi, Giorgio. 2013. Il grande racconto dell’evoluzione umana. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Manzi, Giorgio. 2017. Ultime notizie sull’evoluzione umana. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Manzi, Giorgio. 2018. “Le scienze.” (giugno).

Mao, Jeremy J., and Hyun-Duck Nah. 2004. “Growth and development: hereditary and mechanical modulations.” Review Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 125, 6: 676-89.

Mapelli, Andrea, et al. 2009. “Translation and rotation movements of the mandible during mouth opening and closing.” Clinical Anatomy 22, 3: 311-18.

Marchi, Damiano. 2016. Il mistero di Homo naledi. Milano: Mondadori.

Marshall, Steven D., et al. 2008. “Development of the curve of Spee.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 134, 3: 344-52.

Martinez Choy, S. E., et al. 2017. “Realistic kinetic loading of the jaw system during single chewing cycles: a finite element study.” Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 44, 5: 375-84.

Martinez-Gomis, Jordi, et al. 2009. “Relationship between chewing side preference and handedness and lateral asymmetry of peripheral factors.” Archives of oral biology 54, 2: 101-07.

Matalová, Eva, Vlasta Lungová, and Paul Sharpe. 2015. “Development of Tooth and Associated Structures.” In Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences, pp. 335-46. Academic Press.

Mays S. 2002. “The relationship between molar wear and age in an early 19th Century AD archaeological human skeletal series of documented age at death.” J Archaeol Sci 29, 8: 861-71.

Mayya, Ashwij, Anuradha Banerjee, and R. Rajesh. 2013. “Mammalian cortical bone in tension is non-Haversian.” Scientific reports 3: 2533.

McCollum, Melanie A., et al. 2010. “The vertebral formula of the last common ancestor of African apes and humans.” Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 314, 2: 123-34.

McCormack, Steven William. 2016. Biomechanical function of the periodontal ligament in biting and orthodontic tooth movement. Diss. University of Hull.

McIntosh, James E., et al. 2002. “Caiman periodontium as an intermediate between basal vertebrate ankylosis‐type attachment and mammalian ‘true’ periodontium.” Microscopy research and technique 59, 5: 449-59.

McNamara Jr, James A., and Robert E. Moyers. 1973. “Electromyography of the oral phase of deglutition in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).” Archives of oral biology 18, 8: 995-1002.

McNeill, Charles. 1999. L’Occlusione: basi scientifiche e pratica clinica. Scienza e tecnica dentistica. Edizioni internazionali.

McNulty, Kieran P. 2010. “Apes and tricksters: the evolution and diversification of humans’ closest relatives.” Evolution: Education and Outreach 3, 3: 322.

Menegaz, Rachel A., et al. 2009. “Phenotypic plasticity and function of the hard palate in growing rabbits.” The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 292, 2: 277-84.

Mérida Velasco J.R., Rodriguez Vazquez J.F., Jimenez Collado J. 1993. “The relationships between the TMJ disc and related masticatory muscules in humans.” Maxillofac Surg. 51, 4: 390-5.

Mérida Velasco J.R., et al. 1999. “Development of the human temporomandibular joint.” Anat. Rec. 255, 1: 20-33.

Mérida‐Velasco, J.R., et al. 2012. “Histological study of the extratympanic portion of the discomallear ligament in adult humans: a functional hypothesis.” Journal of anatomy 220, 1: 86-91.

Mew, John R.C. 2004. “The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview.” American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 126, 6: 729-38.

Miyahara, T. 1991. “Modulation of soleus H-reflex by teeth clenching.” Kokubyo Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Stomatological Society 58, 4: 670-86.

Mintenko, R., et al. 2020. “Mandibular dental changes following serial and late extraction of mandibular second premolars.” The Angle Orthodontist 90, 2: 187-93.

Miyawaki, S., et al. 2000. “Effect of food size on the movement of the mandibular first molars and condyles during deliberate unilateral mastication in humans.” Journal of Dental Research 79, 7: 1525-31.

Miyawaki, S., et al. 2001. “Motion of the human mandibular condyle during mastication.” J Dent Res 80: 437-42.

Misra, A., et al. 2011. “Consensus dietary guidelines for healthy living and prevention of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and related disorders in Asian Indians.” Diabetes technology & therapeutics 13, 6: 683-94.

Mjor, Ivar Andreas. 1980. “Histology of the human tooth.” Munksgaard Copenhaghen.

Modesto, Sean, et al. 2001. “A second varanopseid skull from the Upper Permian of South Africa: implications for Late Permian ‘pelycosaur’evolution.” Lethaia 34, 4: 249-59.

Moggi‐Cecchi, Jacopo, Phillip V. Tobias, and A. D. Beynon. 1998. “The mixed dentition and associated skull fragments of a juvenile fossil hominid from Sterkfontein, South Africa.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 106, 4: 425-65.

Moggi Cecchi, Jacopo, and Roscoe Stanyon.2014. Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze. Le collezioni antropologiche ed etnologiche/The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence. The Anthropological and Ethnological Collections: Le collezioni antropologiche ed etnologiche. Firenze: Firenze University Press.

Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo. 2017. “Human evolution: the hard evidence of an ever-changing bush.” PARADIGMI.

Mohan M., et al. 2011. “Comparative evaluation of the curve of spee in two age groups and its relation to posterior teeth disclusion.” Indian J Dent Res 22: 179.

Molina, Mario, et al. 1980. Concetti fondamentali di gnatologia moderna. Ilic'.

Molnar S. 1971. “Human tooth wear, tooth function and cultural variability.” Am J Phys Anthropol 34, 2: 175-89.

Molnar, Stephen, and Steven C. Ward. 1977. “On the hominid masticatory complex: biomechanical and evolutionary perspectives.” Journal of Human Evolution 6, 6: 557-68.

Molnar, Stephen, and David G. Gantt. 1977. “Functional implications of primate enamel thickness.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 46, 3: 447-54.

Molnar, Stephen, Jeffrey K. McKee, and Iva Molnar. 1983. “Measurements of tooth wear among Australian Aborigines: I. Serial loss of the enamel crown.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 61, 1: 51-65.

Mongini, Franco. 1972. “Remodelling of the mandibular condyle in the adult and its relationship to the condition of the dental arches.” Cells Tissues Organs 82, 3: 437-53.

Mongini, Franco. 1975. “Dental abrasion as a factor in remodeling of the temporomandibular joint and occlusion.” Acta. Anat. 92, 2: 292-300.

Mongini, Franco. 1977. “Anatomic and clinical evaluation of the relationship between the temporomandibular joint and occlusion.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 38, 5: 539-51.

Mongini, Franco. 1980. “Rimodellamento condilare dopo terapia occlusale”. The Journal of Prothetic Dentistry 43, 5: 568-77.

Mongini, Franco. 1984. “L’Apparato stomatognatico: funzione disfunzione e riabilitazione.” Scienza e tecnica dentistica edizioni internazionali.

Montemurro, N., et al. 2019. “The Y-shaped trabecular bone structure in the odontoid process of the axis: a CT scan study in 54 healthy subjects and biomechanical considerations.” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 30, 5: 585-92.

Moon, H. S., et al. 2004. “The three-dimensional microstructure of the trabecular bone in the mandible.” Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 26, 6: 466-73.

Moore W.J., Lavelle C.L.B., and T.F. Spence. 1968. “Changes in the size and shape of the human mandible in Britain”. Br Dent J 125: 163-69.

Moradian-Oldak, Janet, and Michel Goldberg. 2005. “Amelogenin supra-molecular assembly in vitro compared with the architecture of the forming enamel matrix.” Cells Tissues Organs 181, 3-4: 202-18.

Moradian-Oldak J. 2012. “Protein-mediated enamel mineralization.” Front. Biosci. Landmark Ed. 17, 6: 1996-2023.

Morquette, Philippe, et al. 2012. “Generation of the masticatory central pattern and its modulation by sensory feedback.” Progress in neurobiology 96, 3: 340-55.

Moss, Melvin L. 1962. The functional matrix. Vistas in orthodontics. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Moss, Melvin L., and Mark R. Simon. 1968. “Growth of the human mandibular angular process: a functional cranial analysis.” American journal of physical anthropology 28, 2: 127-38.

Moss, Melvin L. 2007. “The differential roles of periosteal and capsular functional matrices in orofacial growth.” The European Journal of Orthodontics 29. Suppl. 1: i96-i101.

Moss, Michael. 2013. Salt, sugar, fat: How the food giants hooked us. New York: Random House.

Mossey, Peter A., et al. 2009. “Cleft lip and palate.” The Lancet 374, 9703: 1773-85.

Motoyoshi, Mitsuru, et al. 2000. “Biomechanical influences on the upper vertebrae during mastication, an examination using the finite element method.” Orthodontic waves: journal of the Japanese Orthodontic Society: 日本矯正歯科学会雑誌 59, 3: 183-90.

Mrör, Ivar A. 2001. “Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part 5: Clinical management and tissue changes associated with wear and trauma.” Quintessence International 32, 10.

Mudry, Albert. 2015. “Glaser fissure, Huguier canal, and Civinini canal: a confused eponymical imbroglio.” Otology & Neurotology 36, 6: 1115-20.

Murray, Greg M., et al. 2001. “The role of the human lateral pterygoid muscle in the control of horizontal jaw movements.” J Orofac Pain 15, 4: 279-92.

Myers, L.J. 1988. “Possible Inflammatory Pathways Relating Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction to Otic Symptoms: An Anatomical Hypothesis.” CRANIO® 6, 1: 64-70.

Nakamura, Yoshio, and Nobuo Katakura. 1995. “Generation of masticatory rhythm in the brainstem.” Neuroscience research 23, 1: 1-19.

Nakashima, A., et al. 2018. “Jaw asymmetry may cause bad posture of the head and the spine—A preliminary study.” Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, medicine, and pathology 30, 3: 242-46.

Naples, Virginia L. 1985. “Form and function of the masticatory musculature in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus.” Journal of Morphology 183, 1: 25-50.

Naples, Virginia L. 1999. “Morphology, evolution and function of feeding in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla).” J Zoo 249: 19-41.

Nazzi, F., and A. Vianello. 2018. L’altruismo. Competizione e cooperazione dalla biologia all'economia, dalla filosofia alle neuroscienze. Udine: Forum.

Nikolopoulou, Fotoula, et al. 2019. “Bonwill’ s Triangle in Greek Human Mandibles.” Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health 11, 4: 123-25.

Nishikawa, Sumio, and Hironori Kitamura. 1983. “Actin filaments in the ameloblast of the rat incisor.” The Anatomical Record 207, 2: 245-52.

Norman, D.B. 1984. “On the cranial morphology and evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs.” Symposia of the Zoological Society of London. No. 52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oberg T., Carlsson G.E., and C.M. Fajers. 1971. “The temporomandibular joint. A morphologic study on a human autopsy material.” Acta Odontol Scand 29: 349-84.

Ogawa, Takahiro, Tatsuo Ogimoto, and Kiyoshi Koyano. 1998. “Pattern of occlusal contacts in lateral positions: canine protection and group function validity in classifying guidance patterns.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 80, 1: 67-74.

Ogawa, Takahiro, Tatsuo Ogimoto, and Kiyoshi Koyano. 2001. “The relationship between non‐working‐side occlusal contacts and mandibular position.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 28, 10: 976-81.

Ogutchen-Toller M., and R.P.J. Juniper. 1993. “The embryologic development of the human lateral pterygoid muscle and its relationships with the temporomandibular joint disc and Meckel's cartilage.” Oral Maxillofac Surg 51, 7: 772-8; discussion 778-9.

Öḡütcen-Toller, Melahat. 1995. “The morphogenesis of the human discomalleolar and sphenomandibular ligaments.” Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 23, 1: 42-46.

Ohm, E., and J. Silness. 1982. “The size of the Balkwill angle and the height of the Bonwill triangle.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 9, 4: 301-06.

Okeson, Jeffrey P. 2014. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion-

E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Onozuka, M., et al. 2008. “Interactions between chewing and brain activity in humans.” In Novel trends in brain science, pp. 99-113. Tokyo: Springer.

Osborn, Henry Fairfield. 1907. Evolution of mammalian molar teeth. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan.

Osborn, J.W. 1982. “Helicoidal plane of dental occlusion.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 57, 3: 273-81.

Osborn J.W. 1987. “Relationship between the mandibular condyle and the occlusal plane during hominid evolution: Some of its effects on jaw mechanics.” Am J Phys Anthropol 73: 193-207.

Osborn, J.W. 1989. “The temporomandibular ligament and the articular eminence as constraints during jaw opening.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 16, 4: 323-33.

Osborn, J.W. 1993. “A model to describe how ligaments may control symmetrical jaw opening movements in man.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 20, 6: 585-604.

Osborn, J.W. 1993. “Orientation of the masseter muscle and the curve of Spee in relation to crushing forces on the molar teeth of primates.” American journal of physical anthropology 92, 1: 99-106.

Ota, Masato S., et al. 2009. “Patterning of molar tooth roots in mammals.” Journal of Oral Biosciences 51, 4: 193-98.

Owen, C. P., R. J. C. Wilding, and L. P. Adams. 1992. “Dimensions of the temporal glenoid fossa and tooth wear in prehistoric human skeletons.” Archives of oral biology 37, 1: 63-67.

Oxilia, G., et al. 2018. “The physiological linkage between molar inclination and dental macrowear pattern.” American journal of physical anthropology 166, 4: 941-51.

Oxilia, G., et al. 2021. “Exploring directional and fluctuating asymmetry in the human palate during growth.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

Padoa, Emanuele. 1991. Manuale di anatomia comparata dei vertebrati. Vol. 4. Milano: Feltrinelli.

Panek, Halina, et al. 2008. “Dynamic occlusions in natural permanent dentition.” Quintessence International 39, 4 : 337-42.

Pang, Dachling, and Veetai Li. 2004. “Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: part 1—biomechanics of normal rotation at the atlantoaxial joint in children.” Neurosurgery 55, 3: 614-26.

Papini, A., et al. 2012. “Studio delle simmetrie e asimmetrie ossee mascellari in collezioni italiane presenti nella cranioteca del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze tramite CBCT.” Museologia scientifica memorie 14: 87-90.

Papini, A., G. Cesaretti, and P. Defabianis. 2017. “Kinesiographic analysis of lateral excursive movement on the horizontal plane: the retrusive component.”. 60-67.

Papini, A., et al. 2018. “Condylar retrusion on the horizontal plane associated with retrusive lateral excursion: A retrospective clinical axiographic study.” J Oral Science Rehabilitation 4, 3: 16-23.

Parfitt, Gilbert J. 1960. “Measurement of the physiological mobility of individual teeth in an axial direction.” Journal of Dental Research 39, 3: 608-18.

Parfitt, A. Michael. 1997. “Genetic effects on bone mass and turnover-relevance to black/white differences.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 16, 4: 325-33.

Parilov, V.V. 1989. “The relationship of Christensen's phenomena to the structure of the temporomandibular joints.” Stomatologiia 68, 2: 49-50.

Parnia, Fereidoun, et al. 2008. “Pattern of occlusal contacts in eccentric mandibular positions in dental students.” Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects 2, 3: 85.

Pearson, Osbjorn M., and Daniel E. Lieberman. 2004. “The aging of Wolff's “law”: ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone.” American journal of physical anthropology 125.S39: 63-99.

Pekala, Jakub R., et al. 2018. “Incidence of foramen Tympanicum (of Huschke): comparing cadaveric and radiologic studies.” Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 29, 8: 2348-52.

Penfield W., Boldrey E. 1937. “Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation.” Brain 60: 389-443.

Pereira, C.B., and H. Evans. 1975. “Occlusion and attrition of the primitive Yanomami Indians of Brazil.” Dental Clinics of North America 19, 3: 485-98.

Pereira F. J., et al. 1996. “Microscopic changes in the retrodiscal tissues of painful temporomandibular joints.” Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 54, 4: 461-68.

Pérez-Pérez, A., et al. 2010. “Origen y evolución de los dientes: de los cordados primitivos a los humanos modernos.” Rev Esp Antropol Fís 31: 167-92.

Perrini, N. 1992. “Alfred Gysi: 70 anni di storia dell'odontoiatria: nel centenario della pubblicazione delle prime microfotografie di istologia dentaria: (1892-1992)” Fondazione Prof. Luigi Castagnola.

Piancino, Maria Grazia, et al. 2017. “From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review.” Archives of oral biology 78: 109-21.

Piancino, M. G., and S. Kyrkanides. 2018. La funzione masticatoria nei morsi incrociati monolaterali. Ermes.

Pievani, Telmo. 2019. Imperfezione: una storia naturale. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.

Picq, Pascal. 2010. “The human canine-Its evolution and adaptive significance.” Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics 13, 1: 4-10.

Pileicikiene, Gaivile, and Algimantas Surna. 2004. “The human masticatory system from a biomechanical perspective: a review.” Stomatologija 6, 3: 81-84.

Planas, Pedro. 1994. Rehabilitación neuro-oclusal. Barcelona: Salvat.

Plomp K.A., et al. 2015. “The ancestral shape hypothesis: an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation in humans.” BMC Evol Biol 15: 68.

Pompa, Giorgio, et al. 2010. “Control factors in removable complete dentures: from the articulation quintet to kinetic contact.” Annali di stomatologia 1, 2: 14.

Popowics, T. E., and S. W. Herring. 2006. “Teeth, jaws and muscles in mammalian mastication.” In Feeding in domestic vertebrates from Structure to behaviour, pp. 61-83. Cambridge: CABI.

Porto, Gabriela Granja, et al. 2010. “Comparison between human and rat TMJ: anatomic and histopathologic features.” Acta cirurgica brasileira 25, 3: 290-93.

Powell, V., et al. 2018. “Primate modularity and evolution: first anatomical network analysis of primate head and neck musculoskeletal system.” Scientific reports 8, 1: 1-10.

Price, Weston A. 1934. “Relation of nutrition to dental caries among Eskimos and Indians in Alaska and Northern Canada.” Journal of Dental Research 14: 227-29.

Price, Weston A. 1936. “Field studies among some African tribes on the relation of their nutrition to the incidence of dented caries and dental arch deformities.” Journal of the American Dental Association 23: 876-90.

Price, Weston A. 1945. Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primative and Modern Diets and Their Effects. Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation.

Proffit, William R., et al. 2006. Contemporary orthodontics. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Proença, Heloísa Helena Filipe Alves, et al. 2014. “A 3D computerized tomography study of changes in craniofacial morphology of Portuguese skulls from the eighteenth century to the present.” International journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine 7, 2: 33-45.

Proops, D., et al. 1984. “The anterior process of the malleus.” The Journal of otolaryngology 13, 1.

Puech, Pierre‐Francois, Francois Cianfarani, and Francesc Ribot I Trafi. 1989. “Maxillary canine microwear in Dryopithecus from Spain.” American journal of physical anthropology 80, 3: 305-12.

Posselt, Ulf. 1962. Physiology of occlusion and rehabilitation. Blackwell.

Radlanski, Ralf J., Sepadi Lieck, and Nancy E. Bontschev. 1999. “Development of the human temporomandibular joint. Computer-aided 3D-reconstructions.” Eur J Oral Sci 107, 1: 25-34.

Puech P.-F. et al. 1989. “Maxillary canine microwear in Dryopithecus da Sp. Phys. Anthropol.” Am J Phys Anthropol 80, 3: 305-12.

Quam, R. M.,et al. 2013. “Early hominin auditory ossicles from South Africa.” In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, 22: 8847-51.

Qiao, Y., et al. 2019. “The role of nervous system in adaptive response of bone to mechanical loading.” Journal of cellular physiology 234, 6: 7771-80.

Radlanski, Ralf J., Sepadi Lieck, and Nancy E. Bontschev. 1999. “Development of the human temporomandibular joint. Computer-aided 3D-reconstructions.” European journal of oral sciences 107, 1: 25-34.

Raia, P., et al. 2018. “Unexpectedly rapid evolution of mandibular shape in hominins.” Scientific reports 8, 1: 7340.

Raya, Á., and J.C.I. Belmonte. 2006. “Left–right asymmetry in the vertebrate embryo: from early information to higher-level integration.” Nature Reviews Genetics 7, 4: 283-93.

Rak, Yoel, Avishag Ginzburg, and Eli Geffen. 2007. “Gorilla-like anatomy on Australopithecus afarensis mandibles suggests Au. afarensis link to robust australopiths.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 16: 6568-72.

Rak, Yoel, and W.L. Hylander, 2008. “What Else Is the Tall Mandibular Ramus of the Robust Australopiths Good for?” In C. Vinyard, M.J, Ravosa, and C. Wall (ed.). Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology, pp. 431-42. Boston: Springer.

Rangarajan, V., et al. 2015. “Concepts of occlusion in prosthodontics: A literature review, part I.” The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society 15, 3: 200.

Rasch, Liam J., et al. 2016. “An ancient dental gene set governs development and continuous regeneration of teeth in sharks.” Developmental biology 415, 2: 347-70.

Rashed, Fatma. 2015. “A Comparative Study of the Dentition and Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy and Histology Adult Dogs.” Biol syst Open Access 4, 147: 2.

Ratnasari, A., et al. 2011. “Manifestation of preferred chewing side for hard food on TMJ disc displacement side.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 38, 1: 12-17.

Rathee, Manu, and Prachi Jain. 2020. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Lateral Pterygoid Muscle. StatPearls.

Ravosa, Matthew J., et al. 2000. “Evolution of anthropoid jaw loading and kinematic patterns.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 112, 4: 493-516.

Ravosa, Matthew J., et al. 2008. “Adaptive Plasticity in the Mammalian Masticatory Complex: You AreWhat, and How, You Eat.” Primate craniofacial function and biology, pp. 293-328. Boston: Springer.

Rees, Leonard A. 1954. “The structure and function of the mandibular joint.” Br Dent, J 96: 125-33.

Reif, W.E. 1984. “Pattern Regulation in Shark Dentition.” In G.M. Malacinski and W.B. Bryant (eds.), Pattern Formation: A Primer in Developmental Biology, pp. 603-21. New York: Macmillan.

Reilly, S.M., L.D. McBrayer, and T. D. White. 2001. “Prey processing in amniotes: biomechanical and behavioral patterns of food reduction.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 128, 3: 397-415.

Ren, Yan-Fang, and Annika Isberg. 1995. “Tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement.” CRANIO® 13, 2: 75-80.

Rensberger, John M., and Wighart V. Koenigswald. 1980. “Functional and phylogenetic interpretation of enamel microstructure in rhinoceroses.” Paleobiology 6, 4: 477-95.

Richards, L. C., and T. Brown.1986. “Development of the helicoidal plane.” Human Evolution 1, 5: 385-98.

Richman, Joy M., Marcela Buchtová, and Julia C. Boughner. 2006. “Comparative ontogeny and phylogeny of the upper jaw skeleton in amniotes.” Developmental dynamics: an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 235, 5: 1230-43.

Richman, Joy M., and Gregory R. Handrigan. 2011. “Reptilian tooth development.” Genesis 49, 4: 247-60.

Riga, Maria, et al. 2010. “Aural symptoms in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: multiple frequency tympanometry provides objective evidence of changes in middle ear impedance.” Otology & Neurotology 31, 9: 1359-64.

Riga, A., et al. 2020. “In situ observations on the dentition and oral cavity of the Neanderthal skeleton from Altamura (Italy).” Plos one 15, 12: e0241713.

Rodriguez Vazquez F., Merida Velasco, and J. Jiménez Collado. 1998. “Anatomical consideration on the discomalleolar ligament.” J.Anat. 192: 617-21.

Rodriguez Vazquez F., Merida Velasco, and J. Jiménez Collado. 1993. “Relationships between the temporomandibular joint and the middle ear in human fetuses.” Journal of dental research 72, 1: 62-66.

Ross, C. F., et al. 2007. “Modulation of intra-oral processing in mammals and lepidosaurs.” Integrative and Comparative Biology 47, 1: 118-36.

Rowe, Timothy. 1988. “Definition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8, 3: 241-64.

Rowicki, T., and J. Zakrzewska. 2006. “A study of the discomalleolar ligament in the adult human.” Folia morphologica 65, 2: 121-25.

Rubidge, Bruce S., and Christian A. Sidor. 2001. “Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32, 1: 449-80.

Rubin, Clinton T., and Lance E. Lanyon. 1987. “Osteoregulatory nature of mechanical stimuli: function as a determinant for adaptive remodeling in bone.” Journal of orthopaedic research.

Ruff, Christopher B., Alan Walker, and Erik Trinkaus. 1994. “Postcranial robusticity in Homo. III: ontogeny.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93, 1: 35-54.

Saccucci, M., et al. 2011. “Scoliosis and dental occlusion: a review of the literature.” Scoliosis 6, 1: 1-15.

Sahni, A. S. H. O. K. 1981. “Enamel ultrastructure of fossil mammalia: Eocene Archaeoceti from Kutch.” Journal of the palaeontological society of India 25: 33-37.

Sakaguchi, Katsuyoshi, et al. 2012. “Relationship between occlusal curvatures and bite force in humans.” Orthodontic Waves 71, 3: 79-84.

Saito Poles, et al. 2013. “Development of hybrid three-dimensional jaw motion diagnostic system for occlusion therapy support (Analysis of contact condition of upper and lower teeth using individual hybrid jaw bone model).” Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 79, 807: 4121-30.

Samman, Tanya. 2006. Craniocervical functional morphology of several North American coelurosaurian dinosaurs. Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary,

Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R., and Kathleen K. Smith. 1997. “Diversity and evolution of the marsupial mandibular angular process.” Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4, 2: 119-44.

Sanders, William J. 1998. “Comparative morphometric study of the australopithecine vertebral series Stw-H8/H41.” Journal of Human Evolution 34, 3: 249-302.

Sahni, A. 1987. “Evolutionary aspects of reptilian and mammalian enamel structure.” Scanning microscopy 1, 4: 1903-12.

San Juan, Juan, and Gregory J. Basura. 2019. “Tinnitus management in lateral skull base lesions.” Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, 2: 125-31.

Santana-Mora, Urbano, et al. 2013. “Temporomandibular disorders: the habitual chewing side syndrome.” PloS one 8, 4: e59980.

Saratti, C. M., et al. 2021a. “Functional assessment of the stomatognathic system. Part 1: The role of static elements of analysis” Quintessence International 1: 920-32.

Saratti, C. M., et al. 2021b. “Functional assessment of the stomatognathic system. Part 2: The role of dynamic elements of analysis.” Quintessence International 1: 2-14.

Sarnäs, Karl V. 1957. “Growth changes in skulls of ancient man in North America: an X-ray cephalometric investigation of some cranial and facial changes during growth in the Indian Knoll skeletons.” Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 15, 3: 213-71.

Sarrafpour, Babak, et al. 2013. “Tooth eruption results from bone remodelling driven by bite forces sensed by soft tissue dental follicles: a finite element analysis.” PLoS One 8, 3: e58803.

Scarr, Graham, and Helen Harrison. 2017. “Examining the temporo-mandibular joint from a biotensegrity perspective: a change in thinking.” Journal of Applied Biomedicine 15, 1: 55-62.

Scapino, Robert P. 1991. “The posterior attachment: its structure, function, and appearance in TMJ imaging studies. Part 1.” Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders 5, 2.

Scheidegger, Rolf, Despina Koletsi, and Theodore Eliades. 2018. “The impact of dietary consistency on structural craniofacial components: Temporomandibular joint/condyle, condylar cartilage, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. A systematic review and meta-analysis in experimental in vivo research.” Archives of oral biology 94: 33-47.

Schierz, Oliver, et al. 2014. “Occlusal tooth wear in the general population of Germany: effects of age, sex, and location of teeth.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 112, 3: 465-471.

Schindler H. J., et al. 2010. “Influence of neck rotation and neck lateroflexion on mandibular equilibrium.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 37, 5: 329-35.

Schroeder, Hubert E. 1986. “Development, structure, and function of periodontal tissues.” In The periodontium, pp. 23-323. Berlin: Springer.

Schwartz, Gary T., Amanda McGrosky, and David S. Strait. 2020. “Fracture mechanics, enamel thickness and the evolution of molar form in hominins.” Biology letters 16, 1: 20190671.

Scott, Jeremiah Ezekiel. 2010. Nonsocial influences on canine size in anthropoid primates. Arizona State University.

Scott, Nadia A., et al. 2018. “Covariation of the endocranium and splanchnocranium during great ape ontogeny.” PloS one 13, 12.

Sedwick, Caitlin. 2009. “Amelogenin: a protein to smile about.” PLoS Biol 7, 12: e1000263.

Şencimen, M., et al. 2008. “Anatomical and functional aspects of ligaments between the malleus and the temporomandibular joint.” International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 37, 10: 943-47.

Sencimen, Metin, et al. 2009. “Histological characteristics of ligaments between middle ear and temporomandibular joint.” European journal of dentistry 3, 4: 280.

Senter, Phil. 2010. “Were Australopithecines Ape Human Intermediates or Just Apes? A Test of Both Hypotheses Using the Lucy Skeleton.” The american biology Teacher 72, 2: 70-76.

Seo, Hyejin, et al. 2017. “Regulation of root patterns in mammalian teeth.” Scientific reports 7, 1: 1-13.

Sergi, Sergio, and A. Ascenzi. 1974. Il cranio neandertaliano del Monte Circeo. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.

Sforza, C., et al. 2006. “Occlusion, sternocleidomastoid muscle activity, and body sway: a pilot study in male astronauts.” CRANIO® 24, 1: 43-49.

Shellock, Frank G. 1997. “Kinematic MRI of the joints.” Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology. Vol. 1. Thieme Medical Publishers.

Sheppard, Irving M., and Stephen M. Sheppard. 1968. “Denture occlusion.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 20, 4: 307-18.

Shimazaki, Takahisa, et al. 2003. “The effect of occlusal alteration and masticatory imbalance on the cervical spine.” The European Journal of Orthodontics 25, 5: 457-63.

Shimzu, Daisuke, Gabriele A. Macho, and Iain R. Spears. 2005. “Effect of prism orientation and loading direction on contact stresses in prismatic enamel of primates: implications for interpreting wear patterns.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 126, 4: 427-34.

Sicher, Harry. 1937. “Phylogenesis of human temporomandibular articulation (Abstr.).” J Dent Res 16: 339-40.

Sicher, Harry. 1951. “Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular articulation.” The Australian journal of dentistry 55, 2: 73-85.

Sicher, Harry. 1953. “The biology of attrition.” Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 6, 3: 406-12.

Sicher, Harry, and E. Lloyd Du Brul. 1980. Sicher’s oral anatomy. Mosby Incorporated.

Silvertown, Jonathan. 2018. A cena con Darwin: cibo, bevande ed evoluzione. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.

Sidana, Venus, et al. 2012. “Group function occlusion.” Indian Jr. of Oral Sciences 3, 3: 124-28.

Silvestri, A., V. Mazzoli, and L. Ferraris. 2008. “La curva di Wilson. Concetti gnatologici e implicazioni terapeutiche.” Mondo Ortodontico 101.

Sisask, Gregor, et al. 1995. “Ontogeny of sensory nerves in the developing skeleton.” The Anatomical Record 243, 2: 234-40.

Sisask, G., et al. 2013. “Ontogeny of sensory and autonomic nerves in the developing mouse skeleton.” Autonomic Neuroscience 177, 2: 237-43.

Slavicek, R. 2002. “Organo Masticatorio.” Gamma medizinischwissenschafttliche. fortbildungs-ag.

Slicox, M. T. 2014. “Primate Origins and the Plesiadapiforms.” Nature Education Knowledge 5, 3: 1.

Smith, Anne, et al. 1985. “Reflex responses of the human jaw-closing system depend on the locus of intraoral mechanical stimulation.” Experimental neurology 90, 3: 489-509.

Smith, B. Holly. 1986. “Development and evolution of the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion.” American journal of physical anthropology 69, 1: 21-35.

Smith, B. Holly. 1984. “Patterns of molar wear in hunter–gatherers and agriculturalists.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 63, 1: 39-56.

Smith, J.M. and R.J.G. Savage. 1959. “The mechanics of mammalian jaws.” Sch sci rev 141: 289-301.

Smith, Patricia. 1972. “Diet and attrition in the Natufians.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37, 2: 233-38.

Smith, Richard J. 1978. “Mandibular biomechanics and temporomandibular joint function in primates.” American journal of physical anthropology 49, 3: 341-49.

Smith, Richard J. 1985. “Functions of condylar translation in human mandibular movement.” American journal of orthodontics 88, 3: 191-202.

Sockol, Michael D., David A. Raichlen, and Herman Pontzer. 2007. “Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism.” Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 104, 30: 12265-69.

Solovykh, E. A., Bugrovetskaya, O. G., & Maksimovskaya, L. N. 2012. “Information value of functional status of the stomatognathic system for postural balance regulation.” Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 153, 3: 401-05.

Spee F.G. 1890. “Die verschiebungsbahn des unterkiefers am schadel.” Arch Anat Physiol 16: 285-94.

Spencer, Mark A. 2003. “Tooth‐root form and function in platyrrhine seed‐eaters.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 122, 4: 325-35.

Sperber G.H. 1975. “The temporomandibular joint. In: Derrih D Ded.” In Craniofacial Embriology, pp. 121-47. Chicago: John Wright & Sons.

Spoor, Fred. 1997. “Basicranial architecture and relative brain size of Sts 5.” South African journal of science 93, 4: 182-86.

Stelzer, Stefanie, et al. 2017. “Hominoid arcade shape: Pattern and magnitude of covariation.” Journal of human evolution 107: 71-85.

Stem, D. N., and A. W. Crompton. 1995. “A study of enamel organization, from reptiles to mammals.” In Aspects of dental biology. Firenze: International Institute for the Study of Men.

Stern, Doris, A. W. Crompton, and Ziedonis Skobe. 1989. “Enamel ultrastructure and masticatory function in molars of the American opossum, Didelphis virginiana.” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 95, 4: 311-34.

Stasolla Dario, et al. 2004. “Valutazione conRM delle alterazioni morfo-strutturali del tessuto retrodiscale nell’incoordinazione condilo-discale dell’ATM.” La radiologia medica 107: 261-68.

Stedman, Hansell H., et al. 2004. “Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage.” Nature 428, 6981: 415.

Stelzer, Stefanie, et al. 2017. “Hominoid arcade shape: Pattern and magnitude of covariation.” Journal of human evolution 107: 71-85.

Stevens‐Sparks, Cathryn, and George M. Strain. 2014. “The canine jaw‐ear connection: The malleomandibular and tympanomandibular ligaments.” The Anatomical Record 297, 5: 876-91.

Stewart, D. 1927. “The problem of the innervation of the dentine.” Journal of anatomy 61, 4: 439.

Ström, D., et al. 1988. “Gross anatomy of the craniomandibular joint and masticatory muscles of the dog.” Archives of oral biology 33, 8: 597-604.

Su, D. F. 2013. “The Earliest Hominins: Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus.” Nature Education Knowledge 4, 4: 11.

Sui, Tan, et al. 2014. “Hierarchical modelling of in situ elastic deformation of human enamel based on photoelastic and diffraction analysis of stresses and strains.” Acta biomaterialia 10, 1: 343-54.

Schwenk, Kurt (ed). 2000. Feeding: form, function and evolution in tetrapod vertebrates. Elsevier.

Takada, Yoshiyuki, et al. 2000. “Modulation of H reflex of pretibial muscles and reciprocal Ia inhibition of soleus muscle during voluntary teeth clenching in humans.” Journal of Neurophysiology 83, 4: 2063-70.

Tanaka, Eiji, et al. 2008. “Lubrication of the temporomandibular joint.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 36, 1: 14-29.

Tardieu, Christine, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, and Martin Haeusler. 2017. “How did the pelvis and vertebral column become a functional unit during the transition from occasional to permanent bipedalism?” The Anatomical Record 300, 5: 912-31.

Teaford, Mark F., and A. Walker. 1983. “Dental microwear in adult and still-born guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).” Archives of Oral Biology 28, 11: 1077-81.

Teaford, Mark F., and Peter S. Ungar. 2000. “Diet and the evolution of the earliest human ancestors.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, 25: 13506-11.

Teaford, Mark F., Moya Meredith Smith, and Mark WJ Ferguson (eds). 2007. Development, function and evolution of teeth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Terhune, Claire E. 2011. “Modeling the biomechanics of articular eminence function in anthropoid primates.” Journal of anatomy 219, 5: 551-64.

Terhune, Claire E., Kimbel, W. H., and Lockwood, C. A. 2013. “Postnatal temporal bone ontogeny in Pan, Gorilla, and Homo, and the implications for temporal bone ontogeny in Australopithecus afarensis.” American journal of physical anthropology 151, 4: 630-42.

Terhune, Claire E., Chris A. Robinson, and Terrence B. Ritzman. 2014. “Ontogenetic variation in the mandibular ramus of great apes and humans.” Journal of morphology 275, 6: 661-77.

Terhune, Claire E., Siobhán B. Cooke, and Erik Otárola‐Castillo. 2015. “Form and Function in the Platyrrhine Skull: A Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Dental and TMJ Morphology.” The Anatomical Record 298, 1: 29-47.

Thielemann, K. 1958. Biomécanique de la parodontose. L’équilibre de l’articulé par le meulage sélectif. Traduction J autissier ed. Prelat.

Thomason, Jeff, and A. P. Russell. 1986. “Mechanical factors in the evolution of the mammalian secondary palate: a theoretical analysis.” Journal of Morphology 189, 2: 199-213.

Thomason, Jeff (ed). 1997. Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Throckmorton, G. S. 1980. “The chewing cycle in the herbivorous lizard Uromastix aegyptius (Agamidae).” Archives of Oral Biology 25, 4: 225-33.

Tiwari, Bhawana, et al. 2014. “Occlusal concepts in full mouth rehabilitation: an overview.” The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 14, 4: 344-51.

Tjäderhane, Leo. 2019. “Dentin basic structure, composition, and function.” In The Root Canal Anatomy in Permanent Dentition, pp. 17-27. Cham: Springer.

Todić, Jelena, Dragoslav Lazić, and Radiovoje Radosavljević. 2011. “Correlation analysis of craniomandibular index and gothic arch tracing in patients with craniomandibular disorders.” Vojnosanitetski pregled 68, 7: 594-601.

Tomer, G., and R. Kishnani. 2011. “Correlation of antegonial notch depth with craniofacial morphology-A cephalometric and electromyographic study.” Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 25, 3: 163-71.

Tomlinson, R. E., et al. 2020. “The Role of Nerves During Skeletal Development, Mechano-Adaptation, Fracture, and Aging.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 11: 646.

Torii, Shuhei. 1998. “Origin of enamel prisms and Hunter-Schreger bands in reptilian enamel.” Connective tissue research 38, 1-4: 45-51.

Torisu, T., et al. 2001. “Head movement properties during voluntary rapid jaw movement in humans.” Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 28, 12: 1144-52.

Towle, Ian. 2019. “Tertiary dentine frequencies in extant great apes and fossil hominins.” Open Quaternary 5, 1.

Trinkaus, Erik, Steven E. Churchill, and Christopher B. Ruff. 1994. “Postcranial robusticity in Homo. II: Humeral bilateral asymmetry and bone plasticity.” American journal of physical anthropology 93, 1: 1-34.

Trevizan, Mariana, and Alberto Consolaro. 2017. “Premaxilla: an independent bone that can base therapeutics for middle third growth!” Dental press journal of orthodontics 22, 2: 21-26.

Trevizan, Mariana, et al. 2018. “Premaxilla: up to which age it remains separated from the maxilla by a suture, how often it occurs in children and adults, and possible clinical and therapeutic implications: Study of 1,138 human skulls.” Dental press journal of orthodontics 23, 6: 16-29.

Trulsson, Mats. 2006. “Sensory‐motor function of human periodontal mechanoreceptors.” Journal of oral rehabilitation 33, 4: 262-273.

Tsuboi, A., et al. 2003. “Neurons of the trigeminal main sensory nucleus participate in the generation of rhythmic motor patterns.” European Journal of Neuroscience 17, 2: 229-38.

Türker, K. S., J. Yang, and Pal Brodin. 1997. “Conditions for excitatory or inhibitory masseteric reflexes elicited by tooth pressure in man.” Archives of oral biology 42, 2: 121-28.

Tucker, Abigail S. 2017. “Major evolutionary transitions and innovations: the tympanic middle ear.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, 1713: 20150483.

Tuisku, F., and C. Hildebrand. 1995. “Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic demonstration of nerve fibres in relation to gingiva, tooth germs and functional teeth in the lower jaw of the cichlid Tilapia mariae.” Archives of oral biology 40, 6: 513-20.

Turner, Charles H., Vital Anne, and Ramana MV Pidaparti. 1997. “A uniform strain criterion for trabecular bone adaptation: do continuum-level strain gradients drive adaptation?” Journal of Biomechanics 30, 6: 555-63.

Tuthill, J. C., and E. Azim. 2018. “Proprioception.” Current Biology 28, 5: R194-R203.

Uhthoff, Hank K., & Jaworski, Z. F. 1978. Bone loss in response to long-term immobilisation. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 60, 3: 420-29.

Uhthoff, Hans K., Gabriel Sékaly, and Z. F. Jaworski. 1985. “Effect of long-term nontraumatic immobilization on metaphyseal spongiosa in young adult and old beagle dogs.” Clinical orthopaedics and related research 192: 278-83.

Uhthoff, Hans K., Sékaly G, Jaworsky Z.F. 1985. “Effect of long-term nontraumatic immobilization on metaphyseal spongiosa in young adult and old beagle dogs.” Clin Orthop Relat Res 192: 278-83.

Ulhaas, L., Kullmer, O. and Schrenk, F. 2007. “Tooth wear and diversity in early hominid molars: a case study.” In S.E. Bailey, and J.J. Hublin (eds). Dental perspectives on human evolution: state of the art research in dental paleoanthropology, pp. 369-90. Berlin: Springer.

Ungar, Peter S. 2008. “Material Science: Strong theeth, strong seeds.” Nature 452: 703-05.

Ungar, Peter S., Frederick E. Grine, and Mark F. Teaford. 2008. “Dental microwear and diet of the Plio-Pleistocene hominin Paranthropus boisei.” PLoS one 3, 4: e2044. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985. 192: 278-83. J Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1978. 60-B (3): 420-9.

Ungar, Peter S. 2010. “Mammal teeth: origin, evolution, and diversity.” JHU Press.

Ungar, Peter S., and Matt Sponheimer. 2011. “The diets of early hominins.” Science 334, 6053: 190-93.

Lucas, Peter W., et al. 2013. “Mechanisms and causes of wear in tooth enamel: implications for hominin diets.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10, 80: 20120923.

Ungar, Peter S. 2014. Teeth: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ungar, Peter S. 2015. “Mammalian dental function and wear: A review.” Biosurface and Biotribology 1, 1: 25-41.

Ungar, Peter S. 2017. Evolution’s Bite: A Story of Teeth, Diet, and Human Origins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Urban, D. J., et al. 2017. “A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20162416.

Vaahtoniemi, L. 2020. “The reciprocal jaw-muscle reflexes elicited by anterior-and back-tooth-contacts—a perspective to explain the control of the masticatory muscles.” BDJ open 6, 1: 1-10.

Vallittu, P. K., et al. 2021. “Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet.” Scientific reports 11, 1: 1-6.

Valkenburgh, B. Van, and Christopher B. Ruff. 1987. “Canine tooth strength and killing behaviour in large carnivores.” Journal of Zoology 212, 3: 379-97.

Van der Linden, Abby, et al. 2019. “Head‐turning morphologies: Evolution of shape diversity in the mammalian atlas–axis complex.” Evolution 73, 10: 2060-71.

Varrela, Juha. 1990. “Effects of attritive diet on craniofacial morphology: a cephalometric analysis of a Finnish skull sample.” The European Journal of Orthodontics 12, 2: 219-23.

Varrela, Juha. 2006. “Masticatory function and malocclusion: a clinical perspective.” Seminars in orthodontics 12, 2.

Rodriguez Vazquez J.F., Mérida Velasco J.R., Jimenez Collado J. 1992. “Development of the human sphenomandibular ligament.” The Anatomical Record 233, 3: 453-60.

Veneziano, Alessio, et al. 2018. “Neuromandibular integration in humans and chimpanzees: Implications for dental and mandibular reduction in Homo.” American journal of physical anthropology 167, 1: 84-96.

Villmoare, B.A., et al. 2014. “Craniofacial modularity, character analysis, and the evolution of the premaxilla in early African hominins.” Journal of Human Evolution. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol, 2014.06.014

Villmoare, B.A., et al. 2015. “Early Homo at 2, 8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia.” Science 347, 6228: 1352-55.

Vishwakarma, Ajaykumar, et al. (ed.). 2014. Stem cell biology and tissue engineering in dental sciences. New York: Academic Press.

Walczyńska-Dragon, K., et al. 2014. “Correlation between TMD and cervical spine pain and mobility: is the whole body balance TMJ related?” BioMed research international.

Wall, Christine E. 1997. “The expanded mandibular condyle of the Megaladapidae.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 103, 2: 263-76.

Wall, Christine E. 1999. “A model of temporomandibular joint function in anthropoid primates based on condylar movements during mastication.” American journal of physical anthropology 109, 1: 67-88.

Wall, Christine E., and Kathleen K. Smith. 2001. “Ingestion in mammals.” e LS.

Wall, Christine E., et al. 2006. “Phase II jaw movements and masseter muscle activity during chewing in Papio anubis.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 129, 2: 215-24.

Waltimo, Antti, and Mauno Könönen. 1995. “Maximal bite force and its association with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in young Finnish non-patients.” Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 53, 4: 254-58.

Walsh, J. H., et al. 2008. “Influence of head extension, flexion, and rotation on collapsibility of the passive upper airway. ” Sleep 31, 10: 1440-47.

Wang, Lifeng, et al. 2009. “Anisotropic design of a multilayered biological exoskeleton.” Journal of Materials Research 24, 12: 3477-94.

Ward, Carol V., J. Michael Plavcan, and Fredrick K. Manthi. 2010. “Anterior dental evolution in the Australopithecus anamensis–afarensis lineage.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 365, 1556: 3333-44.

Washburn, Sherwood Larned, and Ruth E. Moore. 1973. Ape into man: a study of human evolution. Little, Brown.

Watanabe K., et al 2002. “The molarless condition in aged SAMP8 mice attenuates hippocampal Fos induction linked to water maze performance.” Behavioral Brain Research 128, 1: 19-25.

Watson, Peter J., et al. 2018. “Mechanical adaptation of trabecular bone morphology in the mammalian mandible.” Scientific reports 8, 1: 7277.

Weidenreich, Franz. 1943. “The skull of Sinanthropus pekinensis: a comparative study on a primitive hominid skull.” Science 99, 2577: 408-09.

Weijs W.A. 1975. “Mandibular movements of the albino rat during feeding.” J morphol 145: 107-124.

Weijs W.A., and R. Dantuma. “Electromyography and mechanics of mastication in the albino rat.” J morph 146: l-34.

Weijs, W. 1994. “Evolutionary approach of masticatory motor patterns in mammals.” In Biomechanics of feeding in vertebrates, pp. 281-320. Berlin: Springer.

Werner, Jochen A., Bernhard Tillmann, and Axel Schleicher. 1991. “Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint.” Anatomy and embryology 183, 1: 89-95.

Werth, A. J. 2000. “Feeding in marine mammals.” Feeding: form, function and evolution in tetrapod vertebrates 475-514.

White, S. N., et al. 2001. “Biological organization of hydroxyapatite crystallites into a fibrous continuum toughens and controls anisotropy in human enamel.” Journal of dental research 80, 1: 321-26.

Whitcome, Katherine K., Liza J. Shapiro, and Daniel E. Lieberman. 2007. “Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins.” Nature 450, 7172: 1075-78.

Wilken, Alec T., et al. 2019. “The roles of joint tissues and jaw muscles in palatal biomechanics of the Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) and their significance for cranial kinesis.” Journal of Experimental Biology 222, 18: jeb201459.

Will, M. J., E. B. Franzblau, and A. E. Kelley. 2003. “Nucleus accumbens μ-opioids regulate intake of a high-fat diet via activation of a distributed brain network.” Journal of Neuroscience 23, 7: 2882-88.

Williams, Scott A., and Gabrielle A. Russo. 2015. “Evolution of the hominoid vertebral column: the long and the short of it.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 24, 1: 15-32.

Williams, S. A., et al. 2016. “Vertebral numbers and human evolution.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 159: 19-36.

Williamson, E.H., Lundquist D.O. 1983. “Anterior guidance: Its effect on electromyographic activity of the temporal and masseter muscles.” J Prosthet Dent 49: 816-23.

Williamson, L., and P. Lucas. 1995. “The effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties of a seed shell.” Journal of materials science 30, 1: 162-66.

Williamson, Eugene H. 1990. “The interrelationship of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint, headache, vertigo, and tinnitus: A survey of 25 patients.” CRANIO® 8, 4: 301-06.

Woda, A., A. M. Gourdon, and M. Faraj. 1987. “Occlusal contacts and tooth wear.” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 57, 1: 85-93.

Wolpoff, Milford H. 1971. “Interstitial wear.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 34, 2: 205-27.

Woo, Sy‐L., et al. 1981. “The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: a study of Wolff's Law.” The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 63, 5: 780-87.

Woronowicz, Katherine C., and Richard A. Schneider. 2019. “Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw.” EvoDevo 10, 1: 1-21.

Xia, Jing, et al. 2017. “Enamel crystallite strength and wear: nanoscale responses of teeth to chewing loads.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, 135: 20170456.

Xu, H. H. K., et al. 1998. “Indentation damage and mechanical properties of human enamel and dentin.” Journal of Dental Research 77, 3: 472-80.

Xu, Yue, et al. 2013. “Computational synovial dynamics of a normal temporomandibular joint during jaw opening.” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 112, 6: 346-51.

Yang, J., and Kemal Sitki Turker. 1999. “Jaw reflexes evoked by mechanical stimulation of teeth in humans.” Journal of neurophysiology 81, 5: 2156-63.

Yamada, Hiroshi, and F. Gaynor Evans. 1970. Strength of biological materials.

Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki, and A. Hirayama. 2001. “Effects of soft-diet feeding on synaptic density in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of senescence-accelerated mice”. Brain Research 902, 2: 255-63.

Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki, et al. 2016. “Histology of human cementum: Its structure, function, and development.” Japanese Dental Science Review 52, 3: 63-74.

Yang, Lianjia, et al. 1992. “Development of collagen fibers and vasculature of the fetal TMJ.” Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica 69, 4: 145-55.

Yilmaz, Ezgi D., Gerold A. Schneider, and Michael V. Swain. 2015. “Influence of structural hierarchy on the fracture behaviour of tooth enamel.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, 2038: 20140130.

Young, W. G., M. McGowan, and T. J. Daley. 1987. “Tooth enamel structure in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus: some functional interpretations.” Scanning microscopy 1, 4: 1925-34.

Yoshizawa, H., et al. 2019. “Reciprocal cortical activation patterns during incisal and molar biting correlated with bite force levels: an fMRI study.” Scientific reports 9, 1: 1-10.

Zafar, Hamayun. 2000. “Integrated jaw and neck function in man. Studies of mandibular and head-neck movements during jaw opening-closing tasks.” Swedish Dental Journal 143: 1-41.

Zafar, Hamayun, E. Nordh, P.-O. Eriksson. 2002. “Spatiotemporal consistency of human mandibular and head-neck movement trajectories during jaw opening-closing tasks.” Research article experimental brain research 146, 1: 70-76.

Zafar, Hamayun, Ahmad H. Alghadir, and Zaheen A. Iqbal. 2019. “Effect of jaw functional status on neck muscle endurance.” Archives of oral biology 101: 30-33.

Zaytsev, Dmitry, and Peter Panfilov. 2014. “Deformation behavior of human enamel and dentin–enamel junction under compression.” Materials Science and Engineering: C 34: 15-21.

Zaytsev, Dmitry, and Peter Panfilov. 2015. “Anisotropy of the mechanical properties of human dental enamel.” Materials Letters 159: 428-31.

Zhang, M., and A. E. Kelley. 2000. “Enhanced intake of high-fat food following striatal mu-opioid stimulation: microinjection mapping and fos expression.” Neuroscience 99, 2: 267-77.

Zheng, S. Y., et al. 2011. “Investigation on the microtribological behaviour of human tooth enamel by nanoscratch.” Wear 271, 9-10: 2290-96.

Zeredo, J. L., K. Toda, and K. Soma. 2003. “Nature of neck motor unit activities evoked by different trigeminal inputs in rats.” Journal of dental research 82, 5: 402-05.

Zhou, Zhong-Rong, et al. 2013. Dental biotribology. New York: Springer.

Zum Gahr, Karl-Heinz. 1987. “Classification of wear processes.” In Microstructure and Wear of Materials, pp. 80-131. Siegen: Institute of Materials Technology, University of Siqen.

Origini, forma e (dis)funzioni dell’apparato masticatorio in Homo sapiens

Una prospettiva darwiniana

Purchase

Bibliographic Information

News and Events

Fulltext
downloads

Views

Search in This Book

Export Citation

Suggested Books

1,643

Books in the Catalogue

1,343

Open Access Books

2,222

Book Chapters

3,790,127

Fulltext
downloads

4,410

Authors

65

scientific boards

1,248

Referees

Catalogue

Scientific Cloud

Best Practice

Origini, forma e (dis)funzioni dell’apparato masticatorio in Homo sapiens

Una prospettiva darwiniana

Purchase

Bibliographic Information

News and Events

Fulltextdownloads

Views

Search in This Book

Export Citation

Suggested Books

1,643

Books in the Catalogue

1,343

Open Access Books

2,222

Book Chapters

3,790,127

Fulltextdownloads

4,410

Authors

65

scientific boards

1,248

Referees

Fulltext
downloads

Fulltext
downloads