Monograph

Understanding Chefchaouen

Traditional knowledge for a sustainable habitat
  • Letizia Dipasquale,

The medina of Chefchaouen represents an architectural heritage of great value and its building culture constitutes a repertoire of knowledge to be safeguarded as an expression of cultural diversity in the relationship between society and nature. The volume presents the results of an in-depth research on the knowledge system that constitutes the local building culture of the medina, highlighting the characteristics of the construction systems, the risks to which the traditional heritage is subject, and its contribution to the development of a sustainable habitat. The book addresses the theme of the built heritage of the medina with an interdisciplinary approach, which includes architecture as part of a system that has to be studied along with the natural, social and cultural contexts.

  • Keywords:
  • Local knowledge,
  • Vernacular architecture,
  • Morocco,
  • Traditional building systems,
  • Sustainable architecture,
+ Show more
Purchase

Letizia Dipasquale

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-0747-421X

Letizia Dipasquale is an architect, Ph.D in Technology of Architecture and Design, Senior Researcher at DIDA, Department of Architecture, University of Florence. She participated in many research projects and she has published on the topics of vernacular architecture, earthen architecture and sustainable innovation of local building systems.
  1. Abdulkareem H. A. 2016, Thermal comfort through the microclimates of the courtyard. A critical review of the middle-eastern courtyard house as a climatic response, «Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences», 216, pp. 662-674 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.054
  2. AA. VV. 2000, Chefchaouen entre l’ordre urbain et le chaos, Actes des journes d’etude, Chefchaouen.
  3. AA. VV. 2002, La medina di Tetouan,Guia de arquitectura, Junta de Andalusia, Sevilla,
  4. AA. VV. 2004, Marruecos y Andalucia, Actas de las jornadas: Rehabilitacíon y intervencíon en las ciudades historicas de Andalucia y el norte de Marruecos, Tetouan.
  5. AA.VV. 2000, L’arte mudejar: l’estetica islamica nell’arte cristiana, Electa, Milano.
  6. AA.VV. 2001, Il Marocco andaluso. Alla scoperta di un’arte del vivere, Electa, Milano.
  7. AA.VV. 2004, Techniques et pratique de la chaoux, Eyrolles, Paris.
  8. Abdulkareem H. A. 2016, Thermal comfort through the microclimates of the courtyard. A critical review of the middle-eastern courtyard house as a climatic response, «Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences», 216, pp. 662-674 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.054
  9. Aguilar B., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. 2014, The patio house in Morocco: A sustainable design strategy, in Correia M., Carlos G., Rocha S. (eds), Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture Contributions for Sustainable Development, CRC Press-Taylor & Franc DOI: 10.1201/b15685
  10. Aldawoud A. 2008, Thermal Performance of Courtyard Buildings.«Energy and Buildings», 40, 5 (2008), pp. 906-910. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.07.007.
  11. Alexander C. 1979, The Timeless Way of Building, Oxford University Press, New York.
  12. Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M. 1977, A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, New York.
  13. Almhafdy A., Sabarinah I., Yahya J. 2015, Thermal Performance Analysis of Courtyards in a Hot Humid Climate Using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Method, «Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences», Volume 170, pp. 474-483. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.012
  14. AlSayyad N., Arboleda G. 2011, The sustainable indigenous vernacular: Interrogating a myth, in Lee Sang S. (ed.), Aesthetics of Sustainable Architecture, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 134-181.
  15. Asquith L. 2006, Lessons from the vernacular: Integrated approaches and new methods for housing research. In: Asquith L., Vellinga M., Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First Century: Theory, education and practice, Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 128-1 DOI: 10.1111/j.1531-314X.2009.01050.x
  16. Asquith L., Vellinga M. 2006, Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First century, Taylor & Francis, London. DOI: 10.1111/j.1531-314X.2009.01050.x
  17. Ater M., Hmimsa Y. 2012, Agrosystèmes traditionnels et savoirs agronomiques des paysans du pays Jbala-Ghmara, in Le patrimoine séculaire des Jbala-­Ghmara Construire la connaissance, valorisiser le patrimoine, fêter la Culture et céer la richesse, Rapport
  18. Benslimane N., Biara R.W. 2019, The urban sustainable structure of the vernacular city and its modern transformation: A case study of the popular architecture in the saharian Region, «Energy Procedia», 157, pp. 1241-1252 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.290.
  19. Bertagnini E., Morbidoni M. 2012, Informality and tradition in the Islamic metropolis: the Cairo case in M. Alaa Mandour, Y. Eka Putrie (eds.) 2012, Contemporary Architecture of Islamic Societies: Between Globalization and Traditions, UIN-MALIKI Press, Ma
  20. Bianca S. 2000, Urban Form in the Arab World - Past and Present, Thames & Hudson, Zurich.
  21. Bigio A. G. 2010, The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation. The Case of Marrakesh, The World Bank, Inter - American Development Bank, Washington, USA, <https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/The-Sustainability-of-Urban-Herita
  22. Blasi C., Guerrieri F. 1999, Manuale per la riabilitazione e ricostruzione postsismica degli edifici: Regione dell’Umbria, DEI, Roma.
  23. Blickman T. 2017, Morocco and Cannabis – Reduction, Containment or Acceptance. TNI Drug Policy Brief-ing 49, Amsterdam, <https://www. tni. org/files/publication-downloads/dpb_49_eng_web. pdf > (11/2019) DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20178.35523
  24. Bonner S. 2006, Building Tradition: Control and authority in vernacular architecture, in Asquith L. and Vellinga M., Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First Century: Theory, education and practice, Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 23-45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1531-314X.2009.01050.x
  25. Borri A., Cangi G. 2011, Metodi qualitativi per la valutazione della qualità muraria, in Donà C., De Maria A. (eds.), Manuale delle murature storiche. Analisi e valutazione del comportamento strutturale, Dei, Roma, pp. 237–294.
  26. Bouchmal F. 2010, Chefchaouen: médine d'inspiration andalouse et à empreinte juive, in Regards sur les patrimoines Jbala, in Acts of Forum International Planète terroirs, Chefchaouen 2010, Ministre de La Culture, Royaume du Maroc, <https://issuu. com/terr
  27. Bouchmal F. 2015, La médina de Chefchaouen: aubaine culturelle ou proie de patrimoine en conflits (nord-ouest du Maroc), «Akros, Revista de Patrimonio», nº 14, 2015, pp.63-74.
  28. Bouchmal F., Calvo G., Jabiot I., Vignet-Zunz J. (eds.) 2010, Regards sur les patrimoines Jbala, in Acts of Forum International Planète terroirs, Chefchaouen 2010, Ministre de La Culture, Royaume du Maroc, <https://issuu. com/terroirsetcultures/docs/livre
  29. Boven K., Morohashi J. (eds.) 2002, Best Practices using Indigenous Knowledge, Nuffic, The Hague, The Netherlands, and UNESCO/MOST, Paris, France <http://www. ecdip. org/docs/pdf/bestpractices. pdf> (04/2020).
  30. Caimi A., Crété E., Joffroy T., Moles O., Serlet M. 2017, Detailed country profile Fiji: local building cultures for sustainable and resilient habitats, CRAterre, Grenoble.
  31. Caimi A., Moles O., Crété E. 2017, Local Building cultures for sustainable & resilient habitats. Examples of local good practices and technical solutions, CRAterre Editions, Grenoble
  32. Candelas Gutiérrez A. L., Ariza López I. 2005, Funcionamiento estructural de las armaduras de par y nudillo. Metodología de análisis, in Proc. Cuarto Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción, Cádiz, ed. S. Huerta, Madrid.
  33. Chouvy P., Afsahi K. 2014, Hashish Revival in Morocco, in «International Journal of Drug Policy», Elsevier, 2014, 25 (3), pp. 416-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.001
  34. Correia M., Carlos G., Rocha S. (eds) 2014a, Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture: Contributions for Sustainable Development, CRC Press, London. DOI: 10.1201/b15685
  35. Correia M., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. (eds.) 2014b, VerSus: heritage for the future. Vernacular knowledge for sustainable architecture, FUP, Firenze DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6655-742-5
  36. Coslado E., Mcguinness J., Miller C. (eds.) 2013, Médinas immuables? Gentrification et changement dans les villes historiques marocaines (1996-2010), Centre Jacques-Berque, Rabat <http://books.openedition.org/cjb/275> (01/2020).
  37. Cuneo P. 1986, Storia dell’Urbanistica. Il mondo islamico, Laterza, Bari.
  38. De Amicis E. 1882, Marocco, Fratelli Treves editori, Milano.
  39. De Blasio B., Eslami A. (eds) 2003, Luoghi di scambio e città del Mediterraneo, storie,culture, progetti, Iriti, Reggio Calabria.
  40. De Cesaris A., Di Giorgio G., Ferretti L. V. 2017, Attraverso l’Iran. Città, architetture, paesaggi, Manfredi, Roma.
  41. De Filippi F., Balbo R. 2015, Vernacular architecture. identification, preservation and upgrading principles, Proceedings of CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino.
  42. Dipasquale L. 2012, La valorizzazione della risorsa lapidea per lo sviluppo locale negli Iblei. Innovazione, sostenibilità e competitività, PhD thesis, Università degli studi di Firenze.
  43. Dipasquale L., Galassi S.,Tempesta G., Ruggieri N. 2020, Analysis and conservation strategies of traditional timber roof structures in Northern Morocco, in Proc. Rehabend 2020: Construction Pathology, rehabilitation technology and heritage management, pp.
  44. Dipasquale L., Jorquera N., Mecca S. 2011, An interdisciplinary approach to a cultural and architectural heritage: earthen dome architecture in Syria in Fioravanti M, Mecca S. (eds.), The safeguard of Cultural Heritage. A challenge from the past for the E DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6655-058-7
  45. Dipasquale L., Mecca I. 2016, Vernacular architecture as codified model for the contemporary sustainable project, «TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment», Nov. 2016, pp. 190-198. DOI: 10.13128/Techne-19352
  46. Dipasquale L., Mecca S. 2015, Local Seismic culture in the Mediterranean region, in Correia M., Lourenco P., Varum H. (eds.), Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp.67-76. DOI: 10.1201/b18856
  47. Dipasquale L., Mecca S. and Ozel B. 2013, Architectural Heritage, Resilience and Urban Renewal : The courtyard house as resilient architectural model, XXVIII Congresso Nazionale INU, Salerno 24-26 ottobre 2013
  48. Dipasquale L., Mecca S., Omar Sidik D. 2014, Earthquake resistant structures, in Correia M., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. (eds.), VerSus: heritage for the future. Vernacular knowledge for sustainable architecture, FUP, Firenze, pp. 232-240. DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6655-742-5
  49. Dipasquale L., Mecca S., Özel B., Kısa Ovalı P. 2014, Resilience and Intangible Heritage of Vernacular Architecture, in Correia M., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. (eds.), VerSus: heritage for the future. Vernacular knowledge for sustainable architecture, FUP, Fl DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6655-742-5
  50. Dipasquale L., Mecca S., Picone, A., Courtyard houses, in Correia M., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. (eds.) 2014, VerSus: heritage for the future. Vernacular knowledge fo sustainable architecture, FUP, Firenze, pp. 150-160. DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6655-742-5
  51. Dipasquale L., Mecca S., Rovero L, Tonietti U. 2008, Technical knowledge and traditional architecture in medina of Chefchaouen (Morocco), in Proceedings of II International conference on Mediterranean heritage RIPAM, Universitè Cadi-Ayyad, Marrakech, 24-2
  52. Dipasquale L., Nicosia V. 2009, I materiali del cantiere tradizionale, in Mecca S., Dipasquale
  53. Dipasquale L., Rovero L., Fratini F. 2016, Ancient stone masonry constructions, in Harries K.A & Sharma B. (eds.), Nonconventional and Vernacular Construction Materials. Characterisation, Properties and Applications, Elsevier, Kidlington, UK, pp.301-332.
  54. Dipasquale L., Volpi V. 2009, Le coperture, in Mecca S., Dipasquale L., Rovero L., Tonietti U., Volpi V. (eds.), Chefchaouen. Architettura e cultura costruttiva, ETS, Pisa, pp.167-181.
  55. Dipasquale L., Volpi V. 2009, Le murature, in Mecca S., Dipasquale L., Rovero L., Tonietti U. & Volpi V. (eds.), Chefchaouen, Architettura e cultura costruttiva, ETS, Pisa, pp.127-138.
  56. Direction de l’Urbanisme et de l’Architecture 1997, Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement Urbain de Chefchaouen: rapport final, Rabat.
  57. Direction Regionale de Tanger-Tetouan-al Hoceima 2018, Monographie Provinciale De Chefchaouen, Royaume Du Maroc, Haut Commissariat Au Plan.
  58. DM 14/01/2008, Approvazione delle nuove norme tecniche per le costruzioni, G.U. n.29 del 04/02/2008, suppl. ord. N.30.
  59. Edwards B. (ed.)2006, Courtyard housing: Past, present, future, Taylor & Francis, New York. DOI: 10.4324/9780203646724
  60. Edwards B., Hakmi M., Petruccioli A. & Sibley M. 2005. The Courtyard House. Typological Variations Over Space and Time, Taylor & Francis, London.
  61. El Harrouni, K., Benaicha M., El Harrouni R. 2018, Parametric Modelling and Traditional Architecture: Improving the thermal comfort of the traditional courtyard house in Morocco, «MATEC Web of Conferences», 149/ 02051. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201714902051
  62. Emery, A. R. 2000, Guidelines: Integrating indigenous knowledge in project planning and implementation, KIVU Nature Inc.
  63. ENSAG-CRAterre 2014, Lessons from Vernacular Heritage to Sustainable Architecture, Editions CRAterre, Grenoble.
  64. Eslami A. (eds) 2002, Architetture e città del mediterraneo tra oriente e occidente, De Ferrari, Genova.
  65. Fathy H. 1986, Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture: Principles and Examples with reference to Hot Arid Climates, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  66. Foruzanmehr A., Vellinga M. 2011, Vernacular Architecture: question of comfort and practicability, «Building Research & Information», 39 (3), pp. 274-285. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2011.562368
  67. Frey P., Bouchain M. 2010, Learning from vernacular: towards a new vernacular architecture, ActesSud, Arles.
  68. Fusaro F. 1982, La città islamica, Laterza, Bari.
  69. Galassi S., Dipasquale L., Ruggieri N., Tempesta G. 2018a, Andalusian timber roof structure in Chefchaouen, Northern Morocco: construction technique and structural behavior, «J. Archit. Eng.» 24 (3) DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000315
  70. Galassi S., Ruggieri N., Dipasquale L.,Tempesta G. 2018b, Assessment of the Moroccan vernacular timber roof: a proposal for an eco-friendly strengthening system, «Journal of Architectural Conservation», vol. 24, pp.224-248. DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1545105
  71. Galeotti J. 1928, Le Jardin et la Maison arabes au Maroc, Paris, Lévy.
  72. Gallardo E. (ed.) 2017, La diète Méditerranéeenne a Chefchaouen, Famsi, Fonds Andalous de Municipalités pour la solidarité Internationale, Tanger.
  73. Giovanetti F. (ed.) 1998, Manuale del recupero del Comune di Città di Castello, DEI, Roma.
  74. Giuffre A. (ed.) 1993, Sicurezza e conservazione dei centri storici: il caso Ortigia: codice di pratica per gli interventi antisismici nel centro storico, Laterza, Roma.
  75. Giuffrè A. 1991, Letture sulla meccanica delle murature storiche, Kappa, Roma.
  76. Giuffrè A. 1999, Codice di pratica per la sicurezza e la conservazione del centro storico di Palermo, Laterza, Bari.
  77. Giz and Moroccan Ministry of Interior 2018, Anciennes Médinas Réseau Marocain des État des lieux des médinas des villes membres, <http://co-mun.net/cms/uploads/99d2ed98d7a6ea897ee182fc6a85eec1d8bdaa30/%C3%89tat%20des%20lieux%20des%20m%C3%A9dinas.pdf> (01/
  78. Guez, J. P. 2003, L’architettura del Mediterraneo, Gangemi, Roma.
  79. Hakim Besim S. 2013, Arabic-Islamic Cities: Building and Planning Principles, Routledge, London. DOI: 10.4324/9780203037874
  80. Hillali M. M., Tansamani M. 2002, Inventaire des Ressources et Potentialités touristiques de la Province de Chefchaouen, Association de Développement Local (ADL) Chefchaouen, Fundacion Instituto de Promocion y Apoyo al Desarrollo (IPADE), Madrid
  81. ICCROM 2016, A Guide to Risk Management of Cultural Heritage, ICCROM, Canadian Conservation Institute, <https://www.iccrom.org/wp-content/uploads/Guide-to-Risk-Managment_English.pdf> (06/2020).
  82. ICCROM, ICOMOS, UNESCO 2010, Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage, <https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/115730> (04/2020)
  83. ICOMOS 1999, Charter on the built Vernacular Heritage,< https://www.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_e.pdf> (04/2020).
  84. ICOMOS 2000, ICOMOS World Report 2000 on Monuments and Sites in Danger, <http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2000/intro_eng.htm> (06/2020).
  85. ICOMOS Working Group 2019, The Future of Our Past. Engaging Cultural Heritage in Climate Action, <https://indd. adobe. com/view/a9a551e3-3b23-4127-99fd-a7a80d91a29e> (04/2020)
  86. ICOMOS Working Group 2019, The Future of Our Past. Engaging Cultural Heritage in Climate Action, <https://indd.adobe.com/view/a9a551e3-3b23-4127-99fd-a7a80d91a29e> (06/2020).
  87. ICOMOS, UNESCO, & ICCROM 1994, The Nara Document on Authenticity, < https://www. icomos. org/charters/nara-e. pdf> (04/2020).
  88. IHEM, Conseil Recherce Formation 2004, Etude de faisabilite relative a la rehabilitation du tissu ancien de la medina de Chefchaouen, Royaume du Maroc, Ministere delegue charge de l'Habitat et de l'Urbanisme, Tetouan.
  89. Ingenieros Consultores (A.E.C.I.) 1997, Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement Urbain S.D.A.U. Chefchaouen, Royaume du Maroc, Ministère de l’interieur, Reino de España, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores.
  90. IPCC 2012, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation’. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY,
  91. Jayyusi S. K., Holod R., Petruccioli A., Raymond A. (eds.) 2009, The City in the Islamic World, Brill, Leiden, Netherlands
  92. Jokilehto J. 2000, ICCROM’s Involvement in Risk Preparedness, «Journal of the American Institute for Conservation», 39(1), pp.173-179. DOI: 10.1179/019713600806113275
  93. Karkouri M. 2004, Etude du Plan Local d'Habitat et du Developpement Urbain de la Ville de Chefchaouen, Royame du Maroc, ministere de l'Amenagement du territoire, Tanger.
  94. Kazimee B.A. 2009, Representation of vernacular architecture and lessons for sustainable and culturally responsive environment, «International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Volume 4, pp.337-350. DOI: 10.2495/DNE-V4-N4-337-350
  95. La Greca P. 1996, Il Cairo. Una metropoli in transizione, Officina Edizioni, Roma.
  96. Magni G. 2016, Indigenous knowledge and implications for the sustainable development agenda, UNESCO, <https://unesdoc. unesco. org/ark:/48223/pf0000245623> (04/2020). DOI: 10.1111/ejed.12238
  97. Maretto P. 1973, Nell’architettura: metodologia di lettura critico-operativa della realta architettonica, edilizia urbana e territoriale, Teorema, Firenze.
  98. Matiz López P. J. 2016, Integrated Risk Assessment for Cultural Heritage Sites: a holistic support tool for decision-making, PhD. thesis in Management and Development of Cultural Heritage, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca.
  99. Mecca S. 2002, Il rischio nel progetto di costruzioni, ETS, Pisa
  100. Mecca S., Biondi B. 2005, Architectural Heritage and Sustainable Development of Small and Medium Cities in South Mediterranean Regions. ETS, Pisa.
  101. Mecca S., Dipasquale L. 2013, Chefchaouen, un patrimonio in pericolo, «Contesti», 2012 (1), pp.68-74.
  102. Mecca S., Dipasquale L., Nicosia V., Rovero L. Tonietti U., Volpi V. 2008, Local Architectural and Building Knowledge Survey for Conservation of Medina of Chefchaouen (Morocco), in Proceedings of I international Conference “XXI Century And Historical Isla
  103. Mecca S., Dipasquale L., Rovero L., Tonietti U. & Volpi V. (eds.), Chefchaouen, Architettura e cultura costruttiva, ETS, Pisa.
  104. Mecca S., Jorquera N. 2009, An interdisciplinary approach to a cultural and architectural heritage, in Dipasquale L., Mecca S. (eds.), Earthen Domes and habitats. Villages of Northern Syria. An architectural tradition shared by east and west, ETS, Pisa. p
  105. Mennat-Allah E. H. 2019, Cairo’s Livable Streets, Conference proceeding ArchCairo 8: Building the Future Now: Rights to Better Living, Architecture & Contexts, Il Cairo. .
  106. Mernissi F., La terrazza proibita. Vita nell'harem, Giunti, Firenze, 1996.
  107. Mete T. 1990, Vernacular architecture: paradigms of environmental response, Brookfield, Avebury.
  108. Micara L., Petruccioli A., Vadini E. 2009, The Mediterranean Medina. International seminar, Gangemi Editore, Roma.
  109. Ministere Charge de la Population 1994, Etude Monographique de la province de Chefchaouen, Programme de Nations Unies pour le developpement, Tetouan.
  110. Mitchell N., Rössler M. and Tricaud P-M. 2009, World Heritage Cultural Landscapes: A handbook for conservation and management, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Parigi.
  111. Morbidoni M. 2014, Informalità e tradizioni insediative mediterranee. Percorsi evolutivi della ‘città senza progetto’, in Frediani, F. (ed.), The Mediterranean Cities between myth and reality, Nerbini Helvetia, Firenze.
  112. Naciri M., El Hassani A. 1985, Etude architecturale de la medina de Chefchaouen, Royame du Maroc, Centre National de documentation, Service de Reprographie et Imprimerie, Rabat.
  113. Naji S. 2001, Art et architectures berbères du Maroc, Edisud, Aix-en-Provence.
  114. Nguyen A. T., Truong N. S. H., Rockwood D., Tran Le A. D. 2019, Studies on sustainable features of vernacular architecture in different regions across the world: A comprehensive synthesis and evaluation, «Frontiers of Architectural Research», 8 (4), pp. 5 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2019.07.006
  115. Nicosia V. 2008, La medina di Chefchaouen: la moschea Al Aadam. Analisi delle tecniche costruttive e individuazione di strategie per il recupero, Degree thesis, University of Florence, Florence.
  116. Nonaka I. 1994, A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation, «Organization Science», 5 (1), pp. 14-37 .
  117. Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.1995, The Knowledge Creating Company, University Press, Oxford.
  118. Nuere E. 1998, Geometría y lazo en la carpintería hispano-musulmana, in La arquitectura como diversidad, Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragosa (ES), pp. 47-76
  119. Nuere E. 2000, La carpintería de armar española, Munillalería, Madrid.
  120. Olgyay V. 1963, Design with Climate, Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism, Princeton, New York.
  121. Oliver P. (ed.) 1997, Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  122. Oliver P. 2006, Built to Meet Needs: Cultural Issues in Vernacular Architecture, Elsevier, Oxford. DOI: 10.4324/9780080476308
  123. Oliver, P. (ed.) 1997, Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  124. Ozel B., Dipasquale L., Mecca S. 2013, Architectural Heritage, Resilience and Urban Renewal: The courtyard house as resilient architectural model, in Proceeding of XXVIII Congresso Nazionale INU, Salerno 24-26 ottobre 2013.
  125. Paloscia R., Bertagnini E., Morbidoni M. 2010, Genesi della città informale nei contesti arabo-islamici. Il caso del Cairo in Archivio per l’Antropologia e la Etnologia vol. CXL.
  126. Petruccioli A. 2007, After amnesia: learning from the Islamic Mediterranean urban fabric, ICAR, Bari, 2007.
  127. Petruccioli A., Pirani K. 2003, Understanding Islamic Architecture, Routledge Curzon, New York. DOI: 10.4324/9781315028767
  128. Privitera F., Metalsi M. 2016, Le signe de la Médina. La morphologie urbaine selon Roberto Berardi, DIDAPress, Firenze
  129. Project Management Institute 2017, A guide to the project management body of knowledge, (PMBOK® GUIDE) Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute, Newton Square, PA.
  130. Raftani K., Radoine H. 2008, The architecture of the hammams of Fez, Morocco, Archnet-IJAR, « International Journal of Architectural Research»- Volume 2 - Issue 3 - November 2008, pp. 56-68.
  131. Ragette F. 2003, Traditional Domestic Architecture of the Arab Region, Axel Menges, Berlin.
  132. Rapoport A. 1969, House form and culture, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  133. Rapoport A. 2006, Vernacular Design as a model system in Vernacular Architecture, in The Vernacular Architecture in the Twenty-First Century: Theory Education and Practice, Asquith L., Vellinga M., Taylor and Francis, Oxon, pp.179-198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1531-314X.2009.01050.x
  134. Rapoport A. 2007, The Nature of the Courtyard House: A Conceptual Analysis, «Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review», Vol. 18 (2), pp. 57-72.
  135. Rasulo M. 2003, Vernacular architecture related to the climate in the Mediterranean Basin: A lesson we should learn,«International Journal for Housing Science» vol. 27 (3), pp. 177-188.
  136. Ratti C., Raydan D., Steemers K. 2003, Building form and environmental performance: archetypes, analysis and an arid climate, «Energy and Buildings», 35(1), pp. 49-59. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00079-8
  137. Rovero L., Fratini F. 2013, The Medina of Chefchaouen (Morocco): A survey on morphological and mechanical features of the masonries, «Construction and Building Materials», 47 (2013), pp. 465-479. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.025
  138. Royaume du Maroc, Ministère de l’Interieur, Ministère de l’Equipement et du Transport, Ministère de l’Habitat, de l’Urbanisme et de la Politique de la Ville, RPCTerre 2011: Règlement parasismique des constructions en tierre RPCTerre 2011.
  139. Royaume du Maroc, Ministère de l’intérieur, Province de Chefchaouen, Commune Urbaine Chefchaouen 2010, Plan Communal de Développement Commune Urbaine Chefchaouen 2010-2016, Imprimat Rabat, <https://issuu.com/artpublications/docs/pcd_chefchaouen> (11/2019)
  140. RPS (Royaume du Maroc, Ministère de l’Habitat et de la Politique de la Ville) 2000, Règlement de Construction Parasismique, RPS 2000-Version 2011, Décrét n. 2-02-177 du 9 hija 1422 (22/02/2002), RPS, Djibouti, Africa.
  141. Rudofsky B. 1964, Architecture Without Architects: A Short Introduction to Non-Pedigreed Architecture, Doubleday, Garden City, NY.
  142. Ruggieri N. 2017, Historical Overview on Criteria and Techniques for Reducing Timber Structures Deformability, «Journal of Architectural Conservation», 3 (2017), pp. 211-227. DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2017.1368183
  143. Sanna A., Ortu G. G. (eds.) 2009, Atlante delle culture costruttive della Sardegna, DEI, Roma.
  144. Soflaee F., Zhu W. 2011, Sustainability of vernacular courtyard houses, in 13th International Conference on Non-Traditional Materials and Construction Technology (NOCMAT13), Changsha, China.
  145. Soflaei F., Shokouhian M., Abraveshdar H., Alipour A. 2017, The impact of courtyard design variants on shading performance in hot- arid climates of Iran, «Energy and Buildings», 143, pp. 71-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.027
  146. Spahic O. 2014, The house: dar, bayt, manzil and maskan, in Medinanet < https://medinanet. org/2014/08/the-house-dar-bayt-manzil-and-maskan/> (11/19).
  147. Stiglitz, J. 2000, Scan Globally, Reinvent Locally: Knowledge Infrastructure and the Localization of Knowledge, in Banking on Knowledge: The Genesis of the Global Development Network, Ed. Diane Stone, Routledge, London, pp. 24-43.
  148. Stovel H. (ed.) 2004, Monitoring World Heritage, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Parigi.
  149. Stovel H. 1998, Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, ICCROM, Rome, <http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_17_RiskPreparedness_en.pdf> (04/2020).
  150. Subramanian S. M., Pisupati B 2010, Traditional Knowledge in Policy and Practice Approaches to Development and Human Well-being, United Nations University Press. DOI: 10.18356/0e3bca6c-en
  151. Tagemouati N. L. 2010, Diagnostic de l’économie du patrimoine culturel au Maroc. Sa situation présente et les possibilités d’exploitation et de promotion des ressources qu’il recèle, Royaume du Maroc, <http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/
  152. Tharakan J. 2015, Indigenous knowledge systems-a rich appropriate technology resource, «African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development», 7(1), pp. 52-57. DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.987987
  153. Trombetta C. 2002, L'attualità del pensiero di Hassan Fathy nella cultura tecnologica contemporanea, Rubbettino, Catanzaro.
  154. UNESCO 2003, Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, <https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention> (04/2020).
  155. UNESCO 2007, Strategy for Reducing Risks from Disasters at World Heritage properties, Paris, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, <https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2007/whc07-31com-72e.pdf> (06/2020).
  156. UNESCO 2010, Glossary of basic terminology on disaster risk reduction, <https://unesdoc.unesco.org> (06/2020).
  157. UNESCO 2010, World Heritage Convention and Sustainable Development, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, <http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2010/whc10-34com-5de.pdf> (04/2020)
  158. UNESCO 2018, Culture for the 2030 Agenda, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7 Paris, France, <https://www. uclg. org/sites/default/files/culture_in_the_sdgs. pdf> (04/2020).
  159. Unesco 2019, Culture | 2030 indicators, < https://unesdoc. unesco. org/ark:/48223/pf0000371562> (06/2020)
  160. UNESCO 2019, Operational Guidelines for the implementation of World Heritage convention, Paris, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, <https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/> (06/2020).
  161. UNESCO, ICCROM, & Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan 2005, Cultural Heritage Risk Management, Proceeding of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan.
  162. UNISDR 2009, Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Risk and poverty in a changing climat, United Nations, <http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/CPR/APRC-CPR-2009-GAR-DRR.pdf> (04/2020).
  163. UNISDR, UNESCO, Marsh United Kingdom, ICOMOS, ICORP & ICCROM 2013, Heritage and Resilience: Issues and Opportunities for Reducing Disaster Risks, UNISDR, <https://www. undrr. org/publication/heritage-and-resilience-issues-and-opportunities-reducing-disast
  164. United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) 2018, Culture in the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guide For Local Action, < https://www. uclg. org/sites/default/files/culture_in_the_sdgs. pdf> (04/2020).
  165. United Nations 2009, Risk and poverty in a changing climate, <http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/CPR/APRC-CPR-2009-GAR-DRR.pdf> (06/2020).
  166. Vegas F., Mileto C. 2013, Lazos de Alarife. Manual sobre tecnicas y materiales tradicionales en Malaga y en el Norte de marrueccos para la recuperacion de su patrimonio comùn, Servicio de Programas/OMAU, Malaga.
  167. Volpi V. 2009, Chefchaouen e il suo territorio: elementi di geografia e geomorfologia, in Chefchaouen. Architettura e cultura costruttiva, Mecca, S., Dipasquale, L., Rovero, L., Tonietti, U., Volpi, V., ETS, Pisa, Italia, pp. 43-49.
  168. Weber W., Yannas S. 2014, Lessons from Vernacular Architecture, Earthscan, London.
  169. Woodside R. 2006, World heritage and climate change: developing a framework for assessing vulnerability, M.Sc. Built Environment: Sustainable Heritage, University College London, London.
  170. World Bank 2013, Building Resilience : Integrating Climate and Disaster Risk into Development, Washington, DC, <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16639> (06/2020).”
  171. Zhang D. 2013, Courtyard Housing and Cultural Sustainability: Theory, Practice, and Product, Ashgate/Routledge, Oxfordshire, UK.
PDF
  • Publication Year: 2020
  • Pages: 336
  • eISBN: 978-88-5518-178-5
  • Content License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
  • © 2020 Author(s)

XML
  • Publication Year: 2020
  • eISBN: 978-88-5518-179-2
  • Content License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
  • © 2020 Author(s)

PRINT
  • Publication Year: 2020
  • Pages: 336
  • ISBN: 978-88-5518-177-8
  • Content License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
  • © 2020 Author(s)

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

Understanding Chefchaouen

Book Subtitle

Traditional knowledge for a sustainable habitat

Authors

Letizia Dipasquale

Peer Reviewed

Number of Pages

336

Publication Year

2020

Copyright Information

© 2020 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/978-88-5518-178-5

ISBN Print

978-88-5518-177-8

eISBN (pdf)

978-88-5518-178-5

eISBN (xml)

978-88-5518-179-2

Series Title

Ricerche. Architettura, Pianificazione, Paesaggio, Design

Series ISSN

2975-0342

Series E-ISSN

2975-0350

News and Events
1,351

Fulltext
downloads

2,261

Views

Search in This Book
Export Citation
Suggested Books

1,347

Open Access Books

in the Catalogue

2,262

Book Chapters

3,790,127

Fulltext
downloads

4,421

Authors

from 923 Research Institutions

of 65 Nations

65

scientific boards

from 348 Research Institutions

of 43 Nations

1,248

Referees

from 381 Research Institutions

of 38 Nations